BEIRUT (AP) — He is one of the very final survivors of his Gaza circle of relatives, a extended family so shut they knew with out pondering how blood and marriage sure them throughout generations and town blocks.Then, department via department, 173 of Youssef Salem’s relations have been killed in Israeli airstrikes in an issue of days in December. Via spring that toll had risen to 270.
Bones and flesh strewn over the ruins of circle of relatives properties. Blond curls of a tender cousin peeking via bricks. Unrecognizable our bodies piled on a donkey cart. Strains of burial shrouds.Those pictures are what survivors are left with from masses of households in Gaza just like the al-Aghas, Salems and Abu Najas.To some extent by no means noticed prior to, Israel is killing complete Palestinian households, a loss much more devastating than the bodily destruction and the large displacement.
Greater than 100 individuals of the al-Agha circle of relatives had been killed in Gaza since Oct. 7. To grasp what took place to the circle of relatives, the AP reviewed social media posts, and talked with survivors and relations. (AP manufacturing: Marshall Ritzel)
An Related Press investigation known a minimum of 60 Palestinian households the place a minimum of 25 other folks have been killed — now and again 4 generations from the similar bloodline — in bombings between October and December, the deadliest and maximum damaging length of the warfare.Just about 1 / 4 of the ones households misplaced greater than 50 members of the family in the ones weeks. A number of households have virtually nobody left to record the toll, particularly as documenting and sharing knowledge changed into tougher.Youssef Salem’s exhausting power is stocked with footage of the lifeless. He spent months filling a spreadsheet with their necessary main points as information in their deaths used to be showed, to maintain a final hyperlink to the internet of relationships he idea would thrive for generations extra.
“My uncles have been burnt up, completely. The heads of families, their other halves, youngsters, and grandchildren,” Salem mentioned from his house in Istanbul. Within the final twenty years, 10 individuals of his circle of relatives have been killed in Israeli moves. “Not anything like this warfare,” he mentioned.
Yousef Salem works on his laptop in Istanbul, Turkey, Wednesday, April 17, 2024. (AP Picture/Khalil Hamra)
The AP overview encompassed casualty information launched via Gaza’s well being ministry till March, on-line loss of life notices, circle of relatives and community social media pages and spreadsheets, witness and survivor accounts, in addition to a casualty information from Airwars, a London-based warfare observe.The Mughrabi circle of relatives: greater than 70 have been killed in one Israeli airstrike in December. The Abu Najas: over 50 have been killed in October moves, together with a minimum of two pregnant girls. The massive Doghmush extended family misplaced a minimum of 44 individuals in a strike on a mosque; AP documented over 100 members of the family killed in following weeks. Via the spring, over 80 individuals of the Abu al-Qumssan circle of relatives have been killed. “The numbers are surprising,” mentioned Hussam Abu al-Qumssan, who lives in Libya and has taken over documenting the circle of relatives loss of life toll as his relations in Gaza struggled to stay monitor.
Within the 51-day warfare of 2014, the selection of households that misplaced 3 or extra individuals used to be not up to 150. On this one, just about 1,900 households have suffered a couple of deaths via January, together with greater than 300 that misplaced over 10 individuals within the first month of the warfare by myself, consistent with Gaza’s well being ministry.Ramy Abdu, chairman for the Geneva-based EuroMed Human Rights Track, which screens the Gaza warfare, mentioned dozens of his researchers in Gaza stopped documenting circle of relatives deaths in March after figuring out over 2,500 with a minimum of 3 deaths. “We will be able to hardly ever stay alongside of the overall loss of life toll,” Abdu mentioned.
The killing of households throughout generations is a key a part of the genocide case in opposition to Israel, now prior to the Global Courtroom of Justice. One at a time, the Global Prison Courtroom prosecutor is looking for arrest warrants for 2 Israeli leaders for warfare crimes and crimes in opposition to humanity, together with for the intentional killing of civilians, in addition to for 3 Hamas leaders over crimes hooked up to the Oct. 7 assault.Palestinians will be mindful complete households that experience disappeared from their lives, Abdu mentioned: “It is sort of a entire village or hamlet has been burnt up.”With out warningThe deaths throughout generations slice throughout the Palestinian society, historical past, and long term. Whole households are buried in mass graves, in medical institution courtyards or underneath staircases within the properties the place they have been killed.
FILE – A bulldozer unloads the our bodies of Palestinians killed in Israeli moves and grew to become over via the Israeli army throughout a mass funeral in Rafah, Gaza Strip, Tuesday, Dec. 26, 2023. (AP Picture/Fatima Shbair, Record)
Getting detailed pictures and documentation is hard even for Palestinians. Energy is proscribed to hospitals and Israel cuts verbal exchange networks regularly. The vast majority of Gaza’s 2.3 million inhabitants has been displaced, dividing households and severing contacts between portions of the small territory. Properties that in most cases would refuge a nuclear circle of relatives fill with a couple of generations of displaced relations.Hamas militants from Gaza attacked Israel on Oct. 7, killing 1,200 other folks within the deadliest day of the Jewish state’s 75-year historical past. Israel promised to damage Hamas’ management and its estimated 35,000 combating pressure in reaction. Inside of 5 days, Israel Air Pressure dropped 6,000 bombs on Gaza, together with many unguided missiles. Israel’s relentless bombing since has killed greater than 37,000 Palestinians via early June, together with many ladies and kids. 11 individuals of the al-Agha circle of relatives have been killed in one strike on a circle of relatives house within the first week of the warfare. Then loss of life reached Khamis al-Agha’s house in the second one week.
On this picture equipped via the al-Agha circle of relatives, citizens of a space in Gaza’s western Khan Younis investigate cross-check the rubble within the aftermath of an airstrike at the circle of relatives house of Mohanad al-Agha, who used to be killed along side his spouse, two infant daughters, father and mom and 4 of his six brothers in an Israeli airstrike on Oct. 11, 2023. (Courtesy al-Agha circle of relatives by way of AP)
Again in 2021, Khamis al-Agha, an worker at a Hamas-linked charity, won a telephone name from an Israeli soldier alluding to his ties to the militant workforce and caution him to evacuate his area in Khan Younis to keep away from an imminent airstrike within sight. Al-Agha recorded the decision and posted it on-line. He didn’t evacuate and nobody used to be killed.On Oct. 14 there used to be no caution. The airstrike killed Khamis al-Agha and 10 others: his spouse, their 4 babies; his brother and his 9-year-old son and 3-year-old daughter; his cousin and her 18-year-old boy. Simplest the brother’s spouse survived.Jaser al-Agha, a 2d cousin of Khamis, helped medics pull our bodies from the particles.“Not anything is left of the home,” mentioned Jaser al-Agha.
Israel refused to touch upon particular moves. Basically, Israel has mentioned it goals Hamas and accuses the militant workforce of endangering civilians via working some of the inhabitants and in tunnels beneath them. A senior Israeli respectable informed journalists in December that the military calculated two Palestinian civilians have been killed for each Hamas militant, a ratio a military spokesman referred to as “enormously sure” however which professionals mentioned confirmed the next tolerance for civilian casualties than in earlier wars.Israel estimates 15,000 Hamas militants were killed via June, however has now not given proof or rationalization. It isn’t transparent whether or not the rely comprises males like al-Agha, who labored in one of the most masses of Hamas-linked organizations or officers within the executive that administered lifestyles in Gaza for over 16 years.Israel has mentioned it takes measures to mitigate in opposition to civilian hurt, equivalent to direct warnings to civilians in previous conflicts. However on this warfare, that manner has been in part changed via evacuation orders for complete spaces that now not everyone seems to be keen or ready to obey. Requirements have obviously been at ease, fueled via anger over the Oct. 7 assaults and home politics, mentioned Craig Jones, a lecturer at Newcastle College who studied the position of Israel’s army legal professionals.The legislation of warfare permits for a “kind of rushed type of war” with upper civilian casualties the place an army wishes to reply briefly and in converting cases. However “Israel is in order that obviously violating the legislation as it’s pushing the principles thus far,” he mentioned.
The AP geolocated and analyzed 10 moves, some of the deadliest from Oct. 7 to Dec. 24, and located they hit residential constructions and shelters with households within. In no case used to be there an obtrusive army goal or direct caution to these within, and in a single case the circle of relatives mentioned they’d raised a white flag on their development in a struggle zone. In combination, the moves killed greater than 500 other folks, together with the 2 bombings that burnt up the Salems and 3 others that killed 30 individuals of the al-Agha circle of relatives. AP additionally consulted six guns investigators, open-source analysts and professionals.Via the spring, AP documented just about 100 individuals of the al-Agha circle of relatives have been killed in Israeli moves. Jaser al-Agha has buried virtually extra relations than he can rely, together with 3 cousins he regarded as brothers.“I used to be looking ahead to my flip,” he mentioned.When afternoon turns into nightRamzy Abu al-Qumssan’s circle of relatives lived within the Jabaliya refugee camp since his circle of relatives used to be displaced in 1948 from Deir Sneid, a village north of Gaza in what’s now Israel. Like nearly all of Palestinians in Gaza, they’re formally refugees, and the territory is stuffed with semi-permanent camps that experience evolved into city communities over generations. The Jabaliya refugee camp, in northern Gaza, used to be some of the maximum densely populated. At the afternoon of Oct. 31, Abu al-Qumssan heard warplanes overheard, then a handy guide a rough succession of explosions. “In an issue of seconds, it changed into night time,” Abu al-Qumssan mentioned. “It felt like packing containers of explosives and iron have been dropped on us. It used to be an overly extraordinary and bloodcurdling sound.”Israel mentioned it focused a Hamas command heart within the camp. Movies, together with one filmed via Abu al-Qumssan, confirmed deep craters and destroyed constructions so far as the attention may see.“I couldn’t make out the streets from properties,” he mentioned. “Other folks and our bodies evaporated.” He went to his uncle’s area, simplest to seek out the flimsy steel construction were beaten into not anything. Airwars known 112 civilians killed in Jabaliya that day, together with 69 youngsters and 22 girls. In all, 37 individuals of Abu al-Qumssan’s circle of relatives have been killed within the shack and two within sight constructions, together with 4 of his cousins, his aunt, her daughter and granddaughter, whose our bodies have been locked in an include.
On this picture equipped via the circle of relatives, Ramzy Abu al-Qumssan sits along with his daughter, Nur, out of doors their house in Gaza’s Jabaliya Refugee camp on Oct. 22, 2022. (Courtesy Ramzy Abu al-Qumssan by way of AP)
This picture equipped via the circle of relatives displays the birthday cake for Asmaa Abu al-Qumssan on July 25, 2022. (Courtesy Ramzy Abu al-Qumssan by way of AP)
Of the ten moves analyzed via AP, it used to be the one one during which Israel named a goal. The toll on blameless Palestinians used to be immense. The airstrikes left a number of craters, and guns professionals mentioned they have been most probably brought about one of the most biggest bombs in Israel’s arsenal, most likely 2,000-pound missiles aimed toward tunnels, which might be hardly ever utilized in populated spaces.Two weeks later, Abu al-Qumssan’s personal area, simplest a number of meters from the huge explosion, used to be bombed. His spouse, 5-year-old daughter, mom, two sisters and 10 different relations died. He and his 3 sons survived as a result of their upstairs room caved into the crater.Abu al-Qumssan referred to as his daughter Nour’s title time and again.“My good friend pretended to be looking to save her to calm me down,” mentioned Abu al-Qumssan, who as a journalist has an extraordinary telephone connection to ship his pictures out of doors Gaza. “I knew she used to be now not coming again and that she wouldn’t be pulled out of beneath the rubble.”In all, 55 individuals of his circle of relatives perished in Jabaliya in two Israeli bombings two weeks aside. Via the spring, the circle of relatives controlled to record a minimum of 82 killed, maximum in Jabaliya.
On this picture equipped via Ramzy Abu al-Qumssan, he visits the rubble of his house in Gaza’s Jabaliya refugee camp on Jan. 25, 2024, after it used to be hit in an Israeli airstrike Nov. 16, 2023. The strike killed his spouse, daughter, mom, two sisters and 12 different relations. (Courtesy Ramzy Abu al-Qumssan by way of AP)
For the Okasha circle of relatives, the killing of a minimum of 33 individuals, together with grandparents, youngsters and grandchildren, within the Oct. 31 bombing “used to be an enormous calamity. We don’t seem to be a large circle of relatives,” mentioned Abdeljawad Okasha, 61, who lives out of doors of Gaza.Via Might, the circle of relatives documented a minimum of 57 individuals killed. Brian Castner, a guns investigator with Amnesty Global, mentioned any warfare crimes investigation in Gaza is sophisticated via the tempo of the bombings, restricted get admission to for impartial entities, and a loss of forensic proof. Since October, Amnesty has discovered proof of direct assaults on civilians, illegal and indiscriminate assaults in a minimum of 16 Israeli moves it investigated that killed 370 civilians, together with 159 youngsters and “decimated households.” The moves incorporated 3 as contemporary as April. The final bombing analyzed via AP hit the Maghazi refugee camp in central Gaza on Dec. 24.Mohamed Abed, a journalist who arrived quickly after the moves, mentioned 3 explosions got here not up to an hour aside. The primary decimated the Musallem circle of relatives. The second one hit the similar street and killed a number of individuals of the Abu Hamdah circle of relatives, together with a drama instructor. The final hit a area additional away.A complete of 106 other folks have been killed from a minimum of 8 households, consistent with handwritten medical institution information that indexed the numbers from every circle of relatives, acquired via the AP. The UN had previous tallied 86 lifeless.Israel mentioned it used to be going after Hamas militants and “mistakenly” struck two adjoining goals. The remark is the primary and an extraordinary one during which Israel said an error and expressed remorseful about for the “harm to these now not concerned.” An army respectable informed Kan, the Israeli public broadcaster, that the unsuitable weapon used to be used.
The road between army necessity and disproportionate civilian casualties is “according to the nice religion judgment of the commander making the verdict” mentioned Geoffery Corn, a former Pass judgement on Suggest Common officer and director of the Middle for Army Legislation and Coverage at Texas Tech College. “That line is extremely amorphous.”In all, the AP document incorporated 2,700 killed from over 70 households, with some up to now unknown main points on their deaths, equivalent to the place they have been killed or who died along side them. “The entirety we construct vanishes”Kinship reaches some distance past the nuclear circle of relatives in Gaza. Compounds, regularly a couple of constructions of 3 tales or extra, are occupied via a whole bloodline.Prolonged circle of relatives is an impartial financial unit, and relations pay every different’s money owed, pitch in for colleges. Ceaselessly, a circle of relatives lends its title to a block and even a whole community. And when formal governing buildings are contested, households in Gaza normally step in as enforcers of order — or assets of violence now and then, mentioned Ilana Feldman, anthropology professor at George Washington College, who studied the historical past of rulers of Gaza.When the Salem circle of relatives house in northern Gaza used to be destroyed in 2009, Youssef and his brothers chipped in to rebuild it for his or her father and uncles. It used to be broken once more in 2014. Now this is a skeleton, torched from the interior. “The entirety we construct vanishes with any escalation, any warfare,” Youssef Salem mentioned. After the 2021 warfare, he informed his spouse it used to be time to go away with their infant daughter. He discovered paintings as a criminal analyst in Istanbul and begged individuals of his prolonged circle of relatives to enroll in him. He took just a little little bit of Gaza with him — his books, his conventional checkered kuffiyeh shawl. His spouse packed wedding ceremony and circle of relatives footage and her favourite trinkets.After Oct. 7, he took benefit of the protection of exile to coordinate for relations in Gaza as they chased refuge and meals. He hooked up them to each other and stored them up to date with the scoop.“I left Gaza, however I nonetheless belong,” mentioned Youssef Salem, who informed AP his circle of relatives tale over a chain of phone interviews.On Dec. 11, the sq. that carries the circle of relatives title used to be brimming with 150 relations, some displaced there and others who got here for the funeral of 2 of their very own, killed in an previous strike.
FILE – Palestinians investigate cross-check the rubble of a development of the Al Nawasrah circle of relatives destroyed in an Israeli strike in Maghazi refugee camp, central Gaza Strip, Monday, Dec. 25, 2023. (AP Picture/Adel Hana, Record)
FILE – Mourners pray via the our bodies of al-Agha members of the family who have been killed throughout an Israeli airstrike, throughout their funeral in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, Wednesday, Oct. 11, 2023. (AP Picture/Hatem Ali, Record)
Battles were raging between Hamas and Israeli forces for days a few half-mile (kilometer) away. Simply prior to daybreak, airstrikes hit the Salem compound. The explosions knocked down one development, leaving a pile of particles, and sheared the facades off a number of others. Survivors deny any opponents have been within the compound. Movies confirmed males clawing via beaten concrete to take away the our bodies of fellows, girls and kids. A donkey cart waited on the most sensible of the road to move the our bodies.Sufyan Salem, a 2d cousin to Youssef, survived simplest as a result of he had given over his condo to guests and used to be napping down the road. A number of the 80 Salem circle of relatives lifeless: his mom, 3 brothers, his simplest sister and her 4 youngsters. No less than 27 are lacking underneath rubble that has but to be cleared away.“Those that left us are those who won some convenience. The survivors are eager for aid,” Sufyan Salem wrote on Fb.
In Istanbul, Youssef Salem up to date the spreadsheet.3 days later, many of the surviving Salems adopted orders from an Israeli pamphlet dropped from an aircraft to go to the Rimal community. Greater than 200 other folks have been filled throughout the deserted two-story villa, most commonly girls, youngsters, and the elders. They raised a white flag above the house.Israeli troops in Rimal have been setting up bases and arrange snipers on roofs. A curfew used to be in position for 4 days. The sounds of struggle echoed from an adjoining community. Munir, his uncle, snapped a reassuring picture of the boys enjoying playing cards, a circle of relatives custom. They even secured coal for his or her water pipes.On Dec. 18, Israeli tanks rolled in, tearing down the fence and ordering the circle of relatives out. Mohamed Salem, Youssef’s 21-year-old cousin, overheard Munir and different males of the circle of relatives, who spoke Hebrew, refusing to go away. It used to be the fourth time they’d been ordered out of a refuge, and so they mentioned nowhere used to be protected. But even so, they argued, the Israeli military managed Rimal.Mohammed Salem slipped out to fetch water for some other cousin, who used to be pregnant, and Sham, a toddler woman born throughout a short lived truce in November.In a while after nighttime, Mohamed Salem, status on a development around the side road from their villa, counted 4 direct hits from airstrikes. The villa collapsed, and our bodies have been flung out of doors.With snipers and infantrymen all over the place, he didn’t dare manner till first light introduced an finish to the Israeli curfew and he and a cousin watched tanks roll over relations half-buried within the particles. It took days longer to tug out the decomposing our bodies of his uncles, Saeed and Munir.“There are our bodies within the floor nonetheless. No person can achieve them but,” Mohamed Salem mentioned. He mentioned from the home full of greater than 200 Salems, simplest 10 are nonetheless alive. 9-year-old Abdullah is the one survivor of his bloodline — Israeli moves killed his father, mom and 7 sisters. In Might, Mohammed Salem survived two moves on his house that he returned to in north Gaza. Seven members of the family perished.Of Gaza’s 400,000 households, none has been spared, mentioned Omar Shabaan, an impartial researcher and economist from Gaza, hurting Gaza’s society, historical past, and long term.“Everybody is focused; households from all categories, deficient, Bedouins, farmers, businessmen, rich people who find themselves nationalist however unaffiliated with political motion. There is not any difference,” mentioned Shabaan, whose circle of relatives counts many lifeless, together with 9 girls. “It’s turning into transparent that it is a focused on of the social construction.”Other folks of Gaza will likely be preoccupied for months after the warfare ends with on the lookout for their lacking and doing away with the ones beneath the rubble, Shabaan mentioned.“In the event that they to find the our bodies, they’re going to get started going after the forms. They are going to get started on the lookout for papers to turn out them as people: Their loss of life and start certificate, their commencement papers, their land or house deeds,” he mentioned.
FILE – A Palestinian kid appears on the graves of other folks killed within the Israeli bombardment of the Gaza Strip and buried throughout the Shifa Clinic grounds in Gaza Town, Sunday, Dec. 31, 2023. (AP Picture/Mohammed Hajjar, Record)
Via June, the Salems’ effort to record the toll used to be coming aside. Yousef Salem despaired of counting his circle of relatives’s lifeless. His cousin who took over the spreadsheet used to be seriously injured in a strike.“When the circle of relatives had one martyr, it lived in grief for all its lifestyles. Consider now,” he mentioned, his voice cracking. “How may we nonetheless be sane in spite of everything of this?”Now all he does is name his mom in Gaza on a daily basis to verify she continues to be alive.___Wafaa Shurafa in Deir al-Balah, Gaza, Kareem Chehayeb in Beirut, Lee Keath in Cairo, and Samya Kullab in Baghdad contributed to this record.___Contact AP’s world investigative staff at [email protected] or
