Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Odd Electron Aggregates | Quanta Mag

Lengthy Ju, a physicist at MIT who makes a speciality of 2D fabrics, was once additionally in pursuit of the impact. Ju caught 5 layers of moderately aligned graphene between boron nitride, cooled it down, and measured the resistance.
Once more, the feature fractional plateaus gave the impression with none magnetic box. “It was once a complete marvel,” Ju stated.
Whilst some research indicated that TMDs would showcase the impact (on the proper twist perspective, the fabrics had been anticipated to supply an impressive efficient interior magnetic box), no theorist had predicted that the impact would display up in a subject material like Ju’s at MIT. The invention has ended in a great deal of head-scratching.
Cano, at Stony Brook, spent her graduate college years delightedly puzzling over the fractional quantum Corridor impact, which has since been most commonly resolved. “I assumed that was once within the rearview reflect,” she stated. “It was once very thrilling to me when most of these traits in twisted TMDs and graphene got here up.” Cano and different theorists are fascinated about easy methods to type the fabrics, but it surely’s now not simple. “They buckle, they ripple, they pressure, they distort, and so it’s in truth very tough to make a quantitatively proper type,” she stated.

The trouble, on the subject of figuring out the fractional quantum anomalous Corridor impact, is twofold. Theorists will have to first grapple with what’s in truth going down within the experimental samples. Then they have got to believe: What can electrons do, in idea?
The precise function of the moiré trend stays poorly understood. Some theorists to begin with questioned whether or not the moiré is wanted in any respect. Most likely the magic was once all within the graphene. Unpublished effects from Ju’s crew have since proven that with out the mismatched hexagonal boron nitride and graphene lattices, there aren’t any fractional fees. “It’s transparent that the moiré is essential,” Bernevig stated.
One risk is that the layered graphene might be host to a so-called anomalous Corridor crystal. In contrast to a bodily crystal made from a lattice of atoms, akin to a diamond, an anomalous Corridor crystal could be ephemeral, with a lattice composed of electrons organized in a honeycomb. The electrons in this sort of crystal are strong, but “nonetheless ready to speak to one another,” as Cano places it, and so their collective interactions can provide upward push to composite fermions with fractional fees.
Ju is these days growing extra samples and making an attempt to measure them at decrease temperatures, the place there will probably be much less thermal power within the gadget, doubtlessly permitting him to identify an anomalous Corridor crystal. The paintings is ongoing, and “it’s nonetheless too early to attract any conclusion,” he stated.

Whilst lots of the quasiparticles with fractional fees that stand up in those techniques are on account of composite fermions, positive fractions with peculiar numerators, just like the 5/2 and seven/2 states, might contain stranger quasiparticles referred to as non-abelian anyons. Wind two of those round every different, and their states trade, preserving a document of this winding. If those anyons might be remoted and “braided,” a managed operation to wind their paths, they might shape the best quantum bits wanted for quantum computing, for the reason that knowledge encoded in them could be powerful and strong.
The possibility of non-abelian anyons for quantum computing has pushed many years of analysis in academia and business. Whilst there were hints — and retracted claims — no person has definitively noticed the uncommon quasiparticles, let on my own used them for computation. Researchers like Andrea Younger, an experimentalist on the College of California, Santa Barbara, are putting their hope in moirés, which might be offering the most efficient likelihood but to catch sight in their quantum quarry. Even in two dimensions, discovering non-abelian anyons received’t be simple. “It’s a zoo,” Younger stated. “So much can move on in those techniques.”
rn // Outline dataLayer and the gtag serve as.rn window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];rn serve as gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}rnrn // Default ad_storage to ‘denied’.rn gtag(‘consent’, ‘default’, {rn ‘ad_storage’: ‘denied’rn });rnu003c/script>rnu003c!– Google Tag Supervisor –>rnu003cscript>(serve as(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({‘gtm.get started’:rnnew Date().getTime(),match:’gtm.js’});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],rnj=d.createElement(s),dl=l!=’dataLayer’?’&l=”+l:”‘;j.async=true;j.src=rn’ Finish Google Tag Supervisor –>rnu003c!– Google Tag Supervisor (noscript) –>rnu003cnoscript>u003ciframe src=” width=”0″ taste=”show:none;visibility:hidden”>u003c/iframe>u003c/noscript>rnu003c!– Finish Google Tag Supervisor (noscript) –>rnu003cscript>rnfunction getCookie(identify) {rn let price = “; ” + file.cookie;rn var portions = price.break up(“; ” + identify + “=”);rn if (portions.period === 2) go back portions.pop().break up(“;”).shift();rn}rnrnif(getCookie(‘acceptedPolicy’)) {rn// fb pixelrn!serve as(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)rn{if(f.fbq)go back;n=f.fbq=serve as()rn{n.callMethod? n.callMethod.observe(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}rn;rnif(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.model=’2.0′;rnn.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;rnt.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];rns.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,file,’script’,rn’ ‘190747804793608’); rnfbq(‘observe’, ‘PageView’);rnrn// chartbeatrnvar _sf_async_config = { uid: 65564, area: ‘quantamagazine.org’, useCanonical: true };(serve as() {serve as loadChartbeat(){ window._sf_endpt = (new Date()).getTime(); var e = file.createElement(‘script’); e.setAttribute(‘language’, ‘javascript’); e.setAttribute(‘sort’, ‘textual content/javascript’); e.setAttribute(‘src’,’//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js’); file.physique.appendChild(e); };var oldonload = window.onload;window.onload = (typeof window.onload != ‘serve as’) ?loadChartbeat : serve as(){ oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); };})();rnrn// parsleyrnconst head = file.getElementsByTagName(‘head’)[0];rnconst parsleyScript = file.createElement(“script”);rnparsleyScript.sort = “textual content/javascript”;rnparsleyScript.src = “//cdn.parsely.com/keys/quantamagazine.org/p.js”;rnparsleyScript.identity = “parsley-cfg”;rn// finish parsleyrnrn//smartlookrn window.smartlook||(serve as(d) {rn var o=smartlook=serve as(){ o.api.push(arguments)},h=d.getElementsByTagName(‘head’)[0];rn var c=d.createElement(‘script’);o.api=new Array();c.async=true;c.sort=”textual content/javascript”;rn c.charset=”utf-8″;c.src=” })(file);rn smartlook(‘init’, ‘3bac9c73fbc7f7f1c527d035a117e2b66f7c3e30’);rnrn// Google Commercials conversionsrn window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];rn serve as gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}rn gtag(‘js’, new Date());rnrn gtag(‘config’, ‘AW-10788252298′);rnrn}rnu003c/script>rn”,”google_analytics”:null,”tracking_scripts_no_cookie”:null,”google_analytics_no_cookie”:null,”popular_searches”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.popular_searches.0″,”typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.popular_searches.1″,”typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.popular_searches.2″,”typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.popular_searches.3″,”typename”:”PopularSearch”}],”search_topics”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.0″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.1″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.2″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.3″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.4″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.5″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.6″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.7″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_topics.8″,”typename”:”SearchTopic”}],”search_sections”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_sections.0″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_sections.1″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_sections.2″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.search_sections.3″,”typename”:”Term”}],”search_authors”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:38171″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:28087″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:29794″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53037″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:39302″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:56″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:47249″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:29458″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:73″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53488″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:39164″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:59″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:8728″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:11648″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50964″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50172″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:51678″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:42689″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:95″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:52094″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:57728″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15493″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:450″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:36490″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:16315″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:2752″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15492″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:68″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54352″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:62″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13684″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13691″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50328″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15142″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:8084″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:742″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:51630″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:11543″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:57″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:7262″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:70″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:55512″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:19918″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13695″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:32676″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13724″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:26310″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:30207″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:19266″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13251″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:17000″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53469″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54874″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:17149″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:5279″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:58″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:32612″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53047″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:27534″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:25173″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:64″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:47″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:14784″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:98″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:5830″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:6793″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:75″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:52″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:69″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:77″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:19092″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54635″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:20557″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:66″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:46418″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:85″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54757″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:37141″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:44758″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:49403″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:12170″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54876″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:32″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:51″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:44787″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50541″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:72″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:16475″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:91″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:10351″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:31716″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:1241″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:8463″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:49″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:16815″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:67″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:37462″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:87″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:36139″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:20556″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:90″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:39551″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:27374″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:40″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:47633″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:45758″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:38413″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:55855″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:12570″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:38699″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:59443″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:23451″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:79″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:38″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:47180″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:55532″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:60″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:2333″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:3569″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:414″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50807″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:20495″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:47830″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:17147″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:30953″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:32437″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:57270″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:38705″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:58054″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:40613″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:7186″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:57384″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:14093″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:34″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:23″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:74″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:19093″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50861″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:1472″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:6476″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:42264″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:52093″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:10″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:37605″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:43298″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:37428″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:19962″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:51434″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:57764″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:24″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:1816″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:46889″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:84″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:55″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:50804″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:31″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:24011″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:100″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:2784″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:26114″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:9412″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:820″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:1666″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:20950″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:48″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:80″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15681″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:51187″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:24577″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:78″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:59339″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:23845″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:83″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:55385″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53621″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:35441″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:76″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15680″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:7239″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:44197″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:65″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:5944″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:61″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:63″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:26311″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:71″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:17148″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:13356″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:17150″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:39768″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:2960″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:52224″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:14785″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:3″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:59313″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:54″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:88″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:12964″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:53″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:86″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:3244″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:89″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:15913″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:42263″,”typename”:”AuthorList”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”AuthorList:45757″,”typename”:”AuthorList”}],”address_to_editor”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.0″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.1″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.2″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.3″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.4″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.5″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.6″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.7″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.8″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.9″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.10″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.11″,”typename”:”Editor”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.options.acf.address_to_editor.12″,”typename”:”Editor”}]},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices”:{“acf”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf”,”typename”:”ThemeOptions”},”__typename”:”Choices”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”sort”:””}).information.0.acf”:{“custom_page_colors”:”background,textual content,accessory”,”page_accent_color”:”#ff8600″,”page_text_color”:”#1a1a1a”,”page_background_color”:”#FFFFFF”,”header_type”:”default”,”header_gradient_color”:null,”header_gradient_opacity”:null,”header_solid_colors”:”number one,secondary,hover”,”header_solid_primary_color”:”#1a1a1a”,”header_solid_secondary_color”:”#999999″,”header_solid_hover_color”:”#ff8600″,”header_transparent_colors”:null,”header_transparent_primary_color”:null,”header_transparent_secondary_color”:null,”header_transparent_hover_color”:null,”__typename”:”ACFFields”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”sort”:””}).information.0″:{“acf”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”sort”:””}).information.0.acf”,”typename”:”ACFFields”},”__typename”:”Publish”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”sort”:””})”:{“information”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”type”:””}).data.0″,”typename”:”Post”}],”__typename”:”PostPageArchive”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPageMeta({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″,”sort”:””})”:{“redirect_path”:null,”meta”:”u003cmeta identify=”description” content material=”Electrons were noticed uniting into entities with fractions of electrical price, this time and not using a magnetic box coaxing them into it.” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:symbol” content material=” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:symbol:width” content material=”1201″ />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:symbol:top” content material=”631″ />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:locale” content material=”en_US” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:sort” content material=”article” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:identify” content material=”Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Odd Electron Aggregates | Quanta Mag” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:description” content material=”Electrons were noticed uniting into entities with fractions of electrical price, this time and not using a magnetic box coaxing them into it.” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:url” content material=” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:site_name” content material=”Quanta Mag” />nu003cmeta belongings=”og:updated_time” content material=”2024-05-29T16:16+00:00″ />nu003cmeta belongings=”article:writer” content material=” />nu003cmeta belongings=”facebook:app_id” content material=”533309373681765″ />nu003cmeta belongings=”article:published_time” content material=”2024-05-29T16:15+00:00″ />nu003cmeta belongings=”article:modified_time” content material=”2024-05-29T16:16+00:00″ />nu003cmeta identify=”twitter:card” content material=”summary_large_image” />nu003cmeta identify=”twitter:website” content material=”@QuantaMagazine” />nu003cmeta identify=”twitter:identify” content material=”Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Odd Electron Aggregates | Quanta Mag” />nu003cmeta identify=”twitter:description” content material=”Electrons were noticed uniting into entities with fractions of electrical price, this time and not using a magnetic box coaxing them into it.” />nu003cmeta identify=”twitter:symbol” content material=” />nu003clink rel=”canonical” href=” />nu003cscript sort=”software/ld+json”>{“@context”:”https://schema.org”,”@sort”:”BreadcrumbList”,”itemListElement”:[{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:1,”item”:{“@id”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/”,”name”:”Science and Math News”}},{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:2,”item”:{“@id”:” News, Interviews and Columns”}},{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:3,”item”:{“@id”:”,”name”:”Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Strange Electron Aggregates”}}]}u003c/script>n”,”__typename”:”PageMeta”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.social_media_links.0″:{“sort”:”fb”,”label”:”Fb”,”url”:” Pleasure of Why”,”slug”:”the-joy-of-why”,”description”:”The mathematician and writer Steven Strogatz and the astrophysicist and writer Janna Levin interview main researchers concerning the nice clinical and mathematical questions of our time.”,”featured_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.0.featured_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”square_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.0.square_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”subscribe_itunes_link”:” Science Podcast”,”slug”:”quanta-podcast”,”description”:”Susan Valot narrates in-depth information episodes in response to Quanta Mag’s articles about arithmetic, physics, biology and laptop science. “,”featured_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.1.featured_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”square_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.1.square_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”subscribe_itunes_link”:” reads Quanta Science Podcast”,”caption”:””,”url”:” reads Quanta Science Podcast”,”caption”:””,”url”:” Pleasure of x”,”slug”:”the-joy-of-x”,”description”:”The acclaimed mathematician and writer Steven Strogatz interviews one of the most global’s main scientists about their lives and paintings.”,”featured_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.2.featured_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”square_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.channels.2.square_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”subscribe_itunes_link”:” holes”,”label”:”Black Holes”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.popular_searches.3″:{“time period”:”evolution”,”label”:”Evolution”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.0″:{“sort”:”Tag”,”label”:”Podcasts”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.0.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.0.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.0.tag”:{“identify”:”Quanta Podcast”,”slug”:”quanta-podcast”,”term_id”:”552″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.0.class”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.1″:{“sort”:”Tag”,”label”:”Columns”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.1.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.1.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.1.tag”:{“identify”:”Quantized Columns”,”slug”:”quantized”,”term_id”:”551″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.1.class”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.2″:{“sort”:”Collection”,”label”:”Collection”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.2.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.2.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.2.tag”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.2.class”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.3″:{“sort”:”Class”,”label”:”Interviews”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.3.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.3.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.3.tag”:{“identify”:”Q&A”,”slug”:”qa”,”term_id”:”567″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.3.class”:{“identify”:”Q&A”,”slug”:”qa”,”term_id”:”176″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.4″:{“sort”:”Class”,”label”:”Multimedia”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.4.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.4.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.4.tag”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.4.class”:{“identify”:”Multimedia”,”slug”:”multimedia”,”term_id”:”43″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.5″:{“sort”:”Class”,”label”:”Puzzles”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.5.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.5.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.5.tag”:{“identify”:”puzzles”,”slug”:”puzzles”,”term_id”:”542″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.5.class”:{“identify”:”Puzzles”,”slug”:”puzzles”,”term_id”:”546″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.6″:{“sort”:”Class”,”label”:”Weblog Posts”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.6.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.6.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.6.tag”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.6.class”:{“identify”:”Abstractions weblog”,”slug”:”abstractions”,”term_id”:”619″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.7″:{“sort”:”information”,”label”:”Information Articles”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.7.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.7.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.7.tag”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.7.class”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.8″:{“sort”:”movies”,”label”:”Movies”,”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.8.tag”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.8.class”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.8.tag”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_topics.8.class”:{“identify”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_sections.0″:{“identify”:”Arithmetic”,”slug”:”arithmetic”,”term_id”:”188″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_sections.1″:{“identify”:”Physics”,”slug”:”physics”,”term_id”:”189″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_sections.2″:{“identify”:”Biology”,”slug”:”biology”,”term_id”:”191″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.search_sections.3″:{“identify”:”Pc Science”,”slug”:”computer-science”,”term_id”:”190″,”__typename”:”Time period”},”AuthorList:38171″:{“identity”:”38171″,”identify”:”Adam Becker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:28087″:{“identity”:”28087″,”identify”:”Adam Mann”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:29794″:{“identity”:”29794″,”identify”:”Alex Kontorovich”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53037″:{“identity”:”53037″,”identify”:”Alex Stone”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:39302″:{“identity”:”39302″,”identify”:”Alexander Hellemans”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:56″:{“identity”:”56″,”identify”:”Alla Katsnelson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:47249″:{“identity”:”47249″,”identify”:”Allison Parshall”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:29458″:{“identity”:”29458″,”identify”:”Allison Whitten”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:73″:{“identity”:”73″,”identify”:”Amanda Gefter”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53488″:{“identity”:”53488″,”identify”:”Amos Zeeberg”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:39164″:{“identity”:”39164″,”identify”:”Ana Kova”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:59″:{“identity”:”59″,”identify”:”Andreas von Bubnoff”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:8728″:{“identity”:”8728″,”identify”:”Anil Ananthaswamy”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:11648″:{“identity”:”11648″,”identify”:”Ann Finkbeiner”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50964″:{“identity”:”50964″,”identify”:”Anna Funk”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50172″:{“identity”:”50172″,”identify”:”Anna Gibbs”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:51678″:{“identity”:”51678″,”identify”:”Anna Kramer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:42689″:{“identity”:”42689″,”identify”:”Annie Melchor”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:95″:{“identity”:”95″,”identify”:”Ariel Bleicher”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:52094″:{“identity”:”52094″,”identify”:”Arleen Santana”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:57728″:{“identity”:”57728″,”identify”:”Asher Elbein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15493″:{“identity”:”15493″,”identify”:”Ashley Good”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:450″:{“identity”:”450″,”identify”:”Ashley Yeager”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:36490″:{“identity”:”36490″,”identify”:”Ben Brubaker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:16315″:{“identity”:”16315″,”identify”:”Invoice Andrews”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:2752″:{“identity”:”2752″,”identify”:”Bob Henderson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15492″:{“identity”:”15492″,”identify”:”Brendan Z. Foster”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:68″:{“identity”:”68″,”identify”:”Brooke Borel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54352″:{“identity”:”54352″,”identify”:”C. Brandon Ogbunu”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:62″:{“identity”:”62″,”identify”:”Carl Zimmer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13684″:{“identity”:”13684″,”identify”:”Caroline Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13691″:{“identity”:”13691″,”identify”:”Caroline Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50″:{“identity”:”50″,”identify”:”Carrie Arnold”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50328″:{“identity”:”50328″,”identify”:”ccampbell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15142″:{“identity”:”15142″,”identify”:”Chanda Prescod-Weinstein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:8084″:{“identity”:”8084″,”identify”:”Charlie Picket”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:742″:{“identity”:”742″,”identify”:”Christie Wilcox”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:51630″:{“identity”:”51630″,”identify”:”Christopher W. Younger”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:11543″:{“identity”:”11543″,”identify”:”Claudia Dreifus”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:57″:{“identity”:”57″,”identify”:”Courtney Humphries”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:7262″:{“identity”:”7262″,”identify”:”Dalmeet Singh Chawla”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:70″:{“identity”:”70″,”identify”:”Dan Falk”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:55512″:{“identity”:”55512″,”identify”:”Dan Samorodnitsky”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:19918″:{“identity”:”19918″,”identify”:”Dana Najjar”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13695″:{“identity”:”13695″,”identify”:”Daniel Garisto”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:32676″:{“identity”:”32676″,”identify”:”Daniel S. Freed”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13724″:{“identity”:”13724″,”identify”:”David H. Freedman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:26310″:{“identity”:”26310″,”identify”:”David S. Richeson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:30207″:{“identity”:”30207″,”identify”:”David Tse”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:19266″:{“identity”:”19266″,”identify”:”Devin Powell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13251″:{“identity”:”13251″,”identify”:”Diana Kwon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:17000″:{“identity”:”17000″,”identify”:”Elena Renken”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53469″:{“identity”:”53469″,”identify”:”Elise Cutts”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54874″:{“identity”:”54874″,”identify”:”Elizabeth Finkel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:17149″:{“identity”:”17149″,”identify”:”Elizabeth Landau”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:5279″:{“identity”:”5279″,”identify”:”Elizabeth Preston”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:58″:{“identity”:”58″,”identify”:”Elizabeth Svoboda”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:32612″:{“identity”:”32612″,”identify”:”Ellen Horne”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53047″:{“identity”:”53047″,”identify”:”Elliot Lichtman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:27534″:{“identity”:”27534″,”identify”:”Emily Buder”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:25173″:{“identity”:”25173″,”identify”:”Emily Levesque”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:64″:{“identity”:”64″,”identify”:”Emily Singer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:47″:{“identity”:”47″,”identify”:”Erica Klarreich”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:14784″:{“identity”:”14784″,”identify”:”Erika Okay. Carlson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:98″:{“identity”:”98″,”identify”:”Esther Landhuis”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:5830″:{“identity”:”5830″,”identify”:”Eva Silverstein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:6793″:{“identity”:”6793″,”identify”:”Evelyn Lamb”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:75″:{“identity”:”75″,”identify”:”Ferris Jabr”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:52″:{“identity”:”52″,”identify”:”Frank Wilczek”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:69″:{“identity”:”69″,”identify”:”Gabriel Popkin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:77″:{“identity”:”77″,”identify”:”George Musser”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:19092″:{“identity”:”19092″,”identify”:”Grant Sanderson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54635″:{“identity”:”54635″,”identify”:”Hannah Waters”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:20557″:{“identity”:”20557″,”identify”:”Howard Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:66″:{“identity”:”66″,”identify”:”Ingrid Daubechies”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:46418″:{“identity”:”46418″,”identify”:”Ingrid Wickelgren”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:85″:{“identity”:”85″,”identify”:”Ivan Amato”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54757″:{“identity”:”54757″,”identify”:”Jackson Ryan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:37141″:{“identity”:”37141″,”identify”:”Jake Buehler”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:44758″:{“identity”:”44758″,”identify”:”James Dinneen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:49403″:{“identity”:”49403″,”identify”:”James R. Riordon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:12170″:{“identity”:”12170″,”identify”:”Janna Levin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54876″:{“identity”:”54876″,”identify”:”Javier Barbuzano”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:32″:{“identity”:”32″,”identify”:”Jeanette Kazmierczak”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:51″:{“identity”:”51″,”identify”:”Jennifer Ouellette”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:44787″:{“identity”:”44787″,”identify”:”Joanna Thompson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50541″:{“identity”:”50541″,”identify”:”John M. Beggs”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:72″:{“identity”:”72″,”identify”:”John Pavlus”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:16475″:{“identity”:”16475″,”identify”:”John Preskill”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:91″:{“identity”:”91″,”identify”:”John Rennie”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:10351″:{“identity”:”10351″,”identify”:”Jonathan Lambert”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:31716″:{“identity”:”31716″,”identify”:”Jonathan O’Callaghan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:1241″:{“identity”:”1241″,”identify”:”Jordana Cepelewicz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:8463″:{“identity”:”8463″,”identify”:”Joshua Roebke”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:49″:{“identity”:”49″,”identify”:”Joshua Sokol”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:16815″:{“identity”:”16815″,”identify”:”jye”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:67″:{“identity”:”67″,”identify”:”Okay.C. Cole”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:37462″:{“identity”:”37462″,”identify”:”Karmela Padavic-Callaghan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:87″:{“identity”:”87″,”identify”:”Kat McGowan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:36139″:{“identity”:”36139″,”identify”:”Katarina Zimmer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:20556″:{“identity”:”20556″,”identify”:”Katherine Harmon Braveness”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:90″:{“identity”:”90″,”identify”:”Katia Moskvitch”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:39551″:{“identity”:”39551″,”identify”:”Katie McCormick”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:27374″:{“identity”:”27374″,”identify”:”Kelsey Houston-Edwards”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:40″:{“identity”:”40″,”identify”:”Kevin Hartnett”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:47633″:{“identity”:”47633″,”identify”:”Konstantin Kakaes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:45758″:{“identity”:”45758″,”identify”:”Kristina Armitage”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:38413″:{“identity”:”38413″,”identify”:”Lakshmi Chandrasekaran”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:55855″:{“identity”:”55855″,”identify”:”Laura Dattaro”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:12570″:{“identity”:”12570″,”identify”:”Laura Poppick”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:38699″:{“identity”:”38699″,”identify”:”Leila Sloman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:59443″:{“identity”:”59443″,”identify”:”Lesley Evans Ogden”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:23451″:{“identity”:”23451″,”identify”:”Liam Drew”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:79″:{“identity”:”79″,”identify”:”Liz Kruesi”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:38″:{“identity”:”38″,”identify”:”Lucy Studying-Ikkanda”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:47180″:{“identity”:”47180″,”identify”:”Lyndie Chiou”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:55532″:{“identity”:”55532″,”identify”:”Madison Goldberg”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:60″:{“identity”:”60″,”identify”:”Maggie McKee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:2333″:{“identity”:”2333″,”identify”:”Mallory Locklear”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:3569″:{“identity”:”3569″,”identify”:”Marcus Woo”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:414″:{“identity”:”414″,”identify”:”Mark Kim-Mulgrew”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50807″:{“identity”:”50807″,”identify”:”Marta Zaraska”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:20495″:{“identity”:”20495″,”identify”:”Matt Carlstrom”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:47830″:{“identity”:”47830″,”identify”:”Matt von Hippel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:17147″:{“identity”:”17147″,”identify”:”Matthew Hutson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:30953″:{“identity”:”30953″,”identify”:”Max G. Levy”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:32437″:{“identity”:”32437″,”identify”:”Max Kozlov”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:57270″:{“identity”:”57270″,”identify”:”Maya Wei-Haas”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:38705″:{“identity”:”38705″,”identify”:”mcho”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:58054″:{“identity”:”58054″,”identify”:”Meghan Willcoxon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:40613″:{“identity”:”40613″,”identify”:”Melanie Mitchell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:7186″:{“identity”:”7186″,”identify”:”Melinda Wenner Moyer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:57384″:{“identity”:”57384″,”identify”:”Michael Greshko”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:14093″:{“identity”:”14093″,”identify”:”Michael Harris”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:34″:{“identity”:”34″,”identify”:”Michael Kranz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:23″:{“identity”:”23″,”identify”:”Michael Moyer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:74″:{“identity”:”74″,”identify”:”Michael Nielsen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:19093″:{“identity”:”19093″,”identify”:”Michele Bannister”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50861″:{“identity”:”50861″,”identify”:”Mike Orcutt”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:1472″:{“identity”:”1472″,”identify”:”Moira Chas”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:6476″:{“identity”:”6476″,”identify”:”Monique Brouillette”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:42264″:{“identity”:”42264″,”identify”:”Mordechai Rorvig”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:52093″:{“identity”:”52093″,”identify”:”Nadia Drake”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:10″:{“identity”:”10″,”identify”:”Natalie Wolchover”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:37605″:{“identity”:”37605″,”identify”:”Nick Thieme”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:43298″:{“identity”:”43298″,”identify”:”Nicole Yunger Halpern”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:37428″:{“identity”:”37428″,”identify”:”Nima Arkani-Hamed”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:19962″:{“identity”:”19962″,”identify”:”Nola Taylor Tillman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:51434″:{“identity”:”51434″,”identify”:”Nona Griffin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:57764″:{“identity”:”57764″,”identify”:”Nora Bradford”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:24″:{“identity”:”24″,”identify”:”Olena Shmahalo”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:1816″:{“identity”:”1816″,”identify”:”Patrick Honner”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:46889″:{“identity”:”46889″,”identify”:”Paul Chaikin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:84″:{“identity”:”84″,”identify”:”Peter Byrne”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:55″:{“identity”:”55″,”identify”:”Philip Ball”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:50804″:{“identity”:”50804″,”identify”:”Polly Stryker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:31″:{“identity”:”31″,”identify”:”Pradeep Mutalik”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:24011″:{“identity”:”24011″,”identify”:”Puja Changoiwala”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:100″:{“identity”:”100″,”identify”:”Quanta Mag”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:2784″:{“identity”:”2784″,”identify”:”R. Douglas Fields”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:26114″:{“identity”:”26114″,”identify”:”Rachel Crowell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:9412″:{“identity”:”9412″,”identify”:”Raleigh McElvery”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:820″:{“identity”:”820″,”identify”:”Ramin Skibba”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:1666″:{“identity”:”1666″,”identify”:”Rebecca Boyle”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:20950″:{“identity”:”20950″,”identify”:”Richard Masland”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:48″:{“identity”:”48″,”identify”:”Robbert Dijkgraaf”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:80″:{“identity”:”80″,”identify”:”Roberta Kwok”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15681″:{“identity”:”15681″,”identify”:”Robin George Andrews”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:51187″:{“identity”:”51187″,”identify”:”Robin Lloyd”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:24577″:{“identity”:”24577″,”identify”:”Rodrigo Pérez Ortega”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:78″:{“identity”:”78″,”identify”:”Sabine Hossenfelder”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:59339″:{“identity”:”59339″,”identify”:”Samir Patel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:23845″:{“identity”:”23845″,”identify”:”Samuel Velasco”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:83″:{“identity”:”83″,”identify”:”Sarah Lewin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:55385″:{“identity”:”55385″,”identify”:”Sarah Scoles”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53621″:{“identity”:”53621″,”identify”:”Saugat Bolakhe”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:35441″:{“identity”:”35441″,”identify”:”Scott Aaronson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:76″:{“identity”:”76″,”identify”:”Sean B. Carroll”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15680″:{“identity”:”15680″,”identify”:”Sean Carroll”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:7239″:{“identity”:”7239″,”identify”:”Shannon Corridor”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:44197″:{“identity”:”44197″,”identify”:”Sheon Han”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:65″:{“identity”:”65″,”identify”:”Siobhan Roberts”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:5944″:{“identity”:”5944″,”identify”:”Sophia Chen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:61″:{“identity”:”61″,”identify”:”Steph Yin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:63″:{“identity”:”63″,”identify”:”Stephanie Bucklin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:26311″:{“identity”:”26311″,”identify”:”Stephanie DeMarco”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:71″:{“identity”:”71″,”identify”:”Stephen Ornes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:17148″:{“identity”:”17148″,”identify”:”Steve Nadis”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:13356″:{“identity”:”13356″,”identify”:”Steven Strogatz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:17150″:{“identity”:”17150″,”identify”:”Susan D’Agostino”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:39768″:{“identity”:”39768″,”identify”:”Tamar Lichter Blanks”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:2960″:{“identity”:”2960″,”identify”:”Tara C. Smith”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:52224″:{“identity”:”52224″,”identify”:”Theo Nicitopoulos”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:14785″:{“identity”:”14785″,”identify”:”Thomas Lewton”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:3″:{“identity”:”3″,”identify”:”Thomas Lin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:59313″:{“identity”:”59313″,”identify”:”Thomas Zurbuchen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:54″:{“identity”:”54″,”identify”:”Tim Vernimmen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:88″:{“identity”:”88″,”identify”:”Tom Siegfried”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:12964″:{“identity”:”12964″,”identify”:”Vanessa Schipani”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:53″:{“identity”:”53″,”identify”:”Veronique Greenwood”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:86″:{“identity”:”86″,”identify”:”Virginia Hughes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:3244″:{“identity”:”3244″,”identify”:”Viviane Callier”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:89″:{“identity”:”89″,”identify”:”Wynne Parry”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:15913″:{“identity”:”15913″,”identify”:”XiaoZhi Lim”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:42263″:{“identity”:”42263″,”identify”:”Yasemin Saplakoglu”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”AuthorList:45757″:{“identity”:”45757″,”identify”:”Zack Savitsky”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.0″:{“identify”:”Invoice Andrews – Senior Editor, CS, Columns”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.1″:{“identify”:”Ben Brubaker – Workforce CS Creator”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.2″:{“identify”:”Matt Carlstrom – Senior Engagement Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.3″:{“identify”:”Jordana Cepelewicz – Senior Math Creator”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.4″:{“identify”:”Natalie Wolchover – Senior Physics Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.5″:{“identify”:”Konstantin Kakaes – Senior Math Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.6″:{“identify”:”Michael Moyer – Government Editor, Physics, Math, CS”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.7″:{“identify”:”John Rennie – Deputy Editor, Biology, Podcasts”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.8″:{“identify”:”Yasemin Saplakoglu – Workforce Biology Creator”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.9″:{“identify”:”Samuel Velasco – Artwork Director”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.10″:{“identify”:”Charlie Picket – Workforce Physics Creator”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.11″:{“identify”:”Christopher Younger – Director of Video”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.choices.acf.address_to_editor.12″:{“identify”:”Hannah Waters – Senior Biology Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).pieces.0″:{“identify”:”Physics”,”url”:” Science”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/computer-science/”,”order”:4,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).pieces.4″:{“identify”:”Subjects”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/subjects”,”order”:5,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).pieces.5″:{“identify”:”Archive”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/archive/”,”order”:6,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”})”:{“pieces”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.0″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.1″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.2″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.3″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.4″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”main-menu”}).items.5″,”typename”:”MenuItem”}],”__typename”:”Menu”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.0″:{“identify”:”Weblog”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/abstractions/”,”order”:1,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.1″:{“identify”:”Columns”,”url”:”/tag/quantized”,”order”:2,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.2″:{“identify”:”Interviews”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/qa/”,”order”:3,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.3″:{“identify”:”Podcasts”,”url”:”/podcasts/”,”order”:4,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.4″:{“identify”:”Puzzles”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/puzzles/”,”order”:5,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.5″:{“identify”:”Multimedia”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/multimedia/”,”order”:6,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.6″:{“identify”:”Movies”,”url”:”/movies”,”order”:7,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).pieces.7″:{“identify”:”About Quanta”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/about/”,”order”:8,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”})”:{“pieces”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.0″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.1″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.2″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.3″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.4″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.5″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.6″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”secondary-menu”}).items.7″,”typename”:”MenuItem”}],”__typename”:”Menu”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).pieces.0″:{“identify”:”About Quanta”,”url”:” Us”,”url”:” & Stipulations”,”url”:” Coverage”,”url”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/privacy-policy/”,”order”:5,”__typename”:”MenuItem”},”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”})”:{“pieces”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).items.0″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).items.1″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).items.2″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).items.3″,”typename”:”MenuItem”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$ROOT_QUERY.menu({“slug”:”footer”}).items.4″,”typename”:”MenuItem”}],”__typename”:”Menu”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″})”:{“sort”:”put up”,”meta”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″}).meta”,”typename”:”PageData”},”information”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”Post:138229″,”typename”:”Post”}],”__typename”:”PostPageArchive”},”$ROOT_QUERY.getPostPageArchive({“slug”:”physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529″}).meta”:{“identify”:”Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Odd Electron Aggregates | Quanta Mag”,”max_num_pages”:0,”found_posts”:0,”extra_term”:””,”writer”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:false,”identity”:”Writer:null”,”typename”:”Writer”},”tag”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:false,”identity”:”Time period:null”,”typename”:”Time period”},”class”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:false,”identity”:”Time period:null”,”typename”:”Time period”},”__typename”:”PageData”},”Writer:null”:{“identity”:null,”identify”:null,”hyperlink”:null,”description”:null,”url”:null,”public_email”:null,”fb”:null,”twitter”:null,”instagram”:null,”acf”:null,”__typename”:”Writer”},”Time period:null”:{“identity”:null,”slug”:null,”identify”:null,”hyperlink”:null,”description”:null,”symbol”:””,”__typename”:”Time period”},”Publish:138229″:{“identity”:”138229″,”identify”:”Physicists Puzzle Over Emergence of Odd Electron Aggregates”,”excerpt”:”u003cp>Electrons were noticed uniting into entities with fractions of electrical price, this time and not using a magnetic box coaxing them into it.u003c/p>n”,”hyperlink”:” https://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=138229″,”date”:”2024-05-29T12:15:17″,”featured_media_image”:null,”authors”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.authors.0″,”typename”:”Author”}],”tags”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.tags.0″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.tags.1″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.tags.2″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.tags.3″,”typename”:”Term”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”Post:138229.tags.4″,”typename”:”Term”}],”podcast”:null,”acf”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf”,”typename”:”ACFFields”},”__typename”:”Publish”,”standing”:”submit”,”content material”:””,”classes”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:false,”id”:”Term:189″,”typename”:”Term”}],”attachments”:null,”series_prev”:null,”series_next”:null,”subsequent”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.subsequent”,”typename”:”PostPageArchive”}},”Publish:138229.authors.0″:{“identify”:”Daniel Garisto”,”hyperlink”:” topic physics”,”hyperlink”:” physics”,”hyperlink”:” physics”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/tag/quantum-physics/”},”Publish:138229.tags.4″:{“slug”:”quasiparticles”,”__typename”:”Time period”,”identify”:”quasiparticles”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/tag/quasiparticles/”},”$Publish:138229.acf”:{“featured_block_title”:””,”kicker”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.kicker”,”typename”:”Time period”},”featured_image_default”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.featured_image_default”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”featured_image_square”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.featured_image_square”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”featured_image_full_width”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.featured_image_full_width”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”featured_image_gif”:false,”featured_video”:”false”,”full_page_interactive”:false,”podcast_publish_date”:””,”__typename”:”ACFFields”,”interactive_type”:null,”iframe_url”:null,”return_cursor”:null,”exclude_blurb”:null,”exclude_entire_footer”:null,”interactive_html”:null,”interactive_css”:null,”interactive_js”:null,”interactive_blurb”:null,”related_article”:null,”modules”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.0″,”typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.1″,”typename”:”ACFContent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.2″,”typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.3″,”typename”:”ACFContent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.4″,”typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.5″,”typename”:”ACFContent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.6″,”typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.7″,”typename”:”ACFContent”}],”template”:”article”,”subtitle”:”Electrons were noticed uniting into entities with fractions of electrical price, this time and not using a magnetic box coaxing them into it.”,”title_layout”:”default”,”title_background_type”:null,”title_background_image”:null,”title_background_video”:null,”title_background_attribution”:null,”title_background_image_gif”:null,”title_overlay_enable”:null,”title_overlay_color”:null,”title_overlay_opacity”:null,”title_text_color”:null,”featured_image_attribution”:”u003cp>Nash Weerasekera for u003cem>Quanta Magazineu003c/em>u003c/p>n”,”featured_overlay_enable”:”false”,”featured_overlay_color”:null,”featured_overlay_opacity”:null,”collection”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.collection”,”typename”:”Time period”},”intro_content”:null,”make_image_full_width”:null,”hide_ad_on_post”:false},”$Publish:138229.acf.kicker”:{“identify”:”condensed topic physics”,”hyperlink”:” Creator”,”avatar”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.authors.0.acf.avatar”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”__typename”:”AuthorACF”},”$Publish:138229.authors.0.acf.avatar”:{“alt”:”PORTRAIT: Daniel Garisto”,”caption”:””,”url”:” Weerasekera for u003cem>Quanta Magazineu003c/em>u003c/p>n”,”caption”:””,”mobile_comp_caption”:””,”mobile_comp_attribution”:””,”units”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.0.sets.0″,”typename”:”ImageSet”}],”__typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0″:{“settings”:””,”symbol”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0.symbol”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0.mobile_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_side_margins”:false,”mobile_width_constraint”:””,”mobile_caption”:””,”mobile_attribution”:””,”zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0.zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”zoom_caption”:””,”zoom_attribution”:””,”mobile_zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0.mobile_zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_zoom_caption”:””,”mobile_zoom_attribution”:””,”external_link”:””,”__typename”:”ImageSet”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.0.units.0.symbol”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:” the 127 years for the reason that electron was once stumbled on, it has gone through extra scrutiny than in all probability some other particle. In consequence, its houses aren’t simply widely recognized, however rote, textbook subject material: Electrons have a smidgen of mass and unfavorable electrical price. In a conductor, they swim somewhat unimpeded as a present; in an insulator, they slightly transfer.u003c/p>nu003cp>Through the years, caveats have cropped up. Underneath an intense magnetic box, as an example, electrons can lose their particular person identities and shape “quasiparticles”: collective entities, like the form shaped by means of a faculty of fish. However even those collective states were smartly cataloged.u003c/p>nu003cp>So it got here as a surprise ultimate 12 months when a brand new impact was once noticed in electrons. Researchers on the College of Washington u003ca href=” in August 2023 that during a stack of 2 atomically skinny crystalline sheets offset from every different at a slight perspective, electrons behaved like quasiparticles with fractional quantities of price, akin to −⅔ and  −⅗. A couple of months later, a group on the Massachusetts Institute of Generation u003ca href=” the similar effectu003c/a> in any other subject material. It was once the primary time that electrons had shaped fractional quasiparticles with out the enabling affect of a magnetic box.u003c/p>nu003cp>Whilst predictions about the potential for this actual impact date again to 2011, theorists are nonetheless puzzling over the brand new discovery. It’s now not transparent how the underlying mechanism works within the MIT crew’s subject material; calculations from a number of teams neither absolutely give an explanation for the fractional states nor agree. Different, even odder quantum levels of topic can also be provide.u003c/p>nu003cp>The brand new discovery isn’t incidental, or explicit to a subject material. Moderately, it’s common and elementary — the results of the quantum nature of the electron, albeit a habits that has till now stayed hidden. Whilst condensed topic physicists need to perceive the breadth of electron behaviors for their very own sake, there’s at all times the danger of uncovering the root of a world-changing era. On this case, the newfound impact might raise the seeds of u003ca href=” quasiparticles with strong memoriesu003c/a> that might underpin a brand new and robust way to quantum computing.u003c/p>nu003ch2>u003cstrong>Outlandish Fractionsu003c/sturdy>u003c/h2>nu003cp>The tale that ended in ultimate 12 months’s discoveries started again in 1879, when Edwin Corridor, a graduate pupil at Johns Hopkins College, carried out a magnetic box vertically thru a flat steel ribbon with a present flowing alongside it. The sphere driven the present of electrons to 1 fringe of the ribbon. The ensuing sideways present and the related sideways resistance had been later named after Corridor.u003c/p>nu003cp>A century later, the German physicist Klaus von Klitzing investigated the Corridor impact in a sheet of ultracold, natural gallium arsenide. As he cranked up the magnetic box, von Klitzing anticipated to peer the Corridor resistance building up regularly. However as a substitute of rising steadily, the Corridor resistance would lie flat after which bounce up, forming a staircase of discrete steps. Even odder, the plateaus had been discovered at integer multiples of the sq. of a elementary consistent: u003cem>eu003c/em>, the price of the electron.u003c/p>n”,”fadein”:false,”__typename”:”ACFContent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2″:{“hide_this_component”:null,”acf_fc_layout”:”image_component”,”format”:”inline”,”regular_caption_right”:true,”settings”:””,”attribution”:”u003cp>AIP Emilio Segrè Visible Archives, Lockwood Assortment, Reward of David J. Lockwood, Picture by means of Harry Turner of the Nationwide Analysis Council Canadau003c/p>n”,”caption”:”u003cp>After Klaus von Klitzing (middle) stumbled on the quantum Corridor impact, Horst Störmer (left) co-discovered a fractional model of the impact and the theorist Robert Laughlin (proper) helped give an explanation for why the latter arises.u003c/p>n”,”mobile_comp_caption”:””,”mobile_comp_attribution”:””,”units”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.2.sets.0″,”typename”:”ImageSet”}],”__typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0″:{“settings”:””,”symbol”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0.symbol”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0.mobile_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_side_margins”:false,”mobile_width_constraint”:””,”mobile_caption”:””,”mobile_attribution”:””,”zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0.zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”zoom_caption”:””,”zoom_attribution”:””,”mobile_zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0.mobile_zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_zoom_caption”:””,”mobile_zoom_attribution”:””,”external_link”:””,”__typename”:”ImageSet”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.2.units.0.symbol”:{“alt”:”3 males stand in combination in entrance of a cityscape.”,”caption”:””,”url”:” the unusual plateaus? Researchers learned that the Corridor resistance may just now not trade easily for the reason that sturdy magnetic box was once pushing the electrons’ power ranges — necessarily the speeds they’re allowed to have — a long way aside. That separation supposed that fairly expanding the magnetic box did not anything; electrons nonetheless needed to take care of the similar velocity, and due to this fact revel in the similar resistance, as prior to. Best broad will increase of the magnetic box may just get the electrons to leap to the following power degree.u003c/p>nu003cp>The plot thickened in 1982, when 3 physicists at Bell Labs noticed a u003cu>dazzling new collection of resistance plateausu003c/u>, this time at fractional values of the sq. of the electron’s price. Horst Störmer, some of the discoverers, described the oddness of the fractions in his Nobel lecture after sharing the prize for the paintings: “Many electrons, appearing in live performance, can create new debris having a price smaller than the price of anyone electron. This isn’t the best way issues are meant to be.” Störmer and his colleagues had used the similar subject material, in a an identical experimental setup, the use of, after all, the similar indivisible electrons — so the place had the outlandish fractions come from?u003c/p>nu003cp>Theorists characteristic them to the subtle internet of repulsive interactions between every electron within the subject material and each different. Those interactions are “the lacking factor,” stated u003ca href=” Canou003c/a>, a condensed topic theorist at Stony Brook College. The interacting electrons, poised simply so, are ready to collect strands of the magnetic box to shape new quasiparticles referred to as composite fermions. Whilst particular person electrons occupy power ranges of the integer u003cem>nu003c/em>, composite fermions occupy power ranges that practice the rule of thumb u003cem>nu003c/em>/(2u003cem>nu003c/em> + 1), yielding a sequence of fractions. Every other interpretation is that the fractional quantum Corridor impact is just like the integer quantum Corridor impact, however for quasiparticles that raise fractional fees.u003c/p>nu003ch2>u003cstrong>Dance of Electronsu003c/sturdy>u003c/h2>nu003cp>Each the integer and fractional quantum Corridor results gave the impression within the presence of a powerful magnetic box. However, physicists questioned, was once the sector crucial? Within the overdue ’80s, the theorist u003ca href=” Haldaneu003c/a>, then on the College of California, San Diego, u003ca href=” that it would also be imaginable to peer integer plateaus with out the help of an exterior magnetic box — a so-called quantum anomalous Corridor impact. (Right here, “anomalous” simply way “going down with out an exterior magnetic box.”) Haldane imagined a 2D hexagonal lattice of atoms wherein electrons hopped backward and forward, replacing puts with their next-to-nearest neighbors. The ensuing electron dance acts like an interior magnetic box — an alternative to an exterior box that pushes electron power ranges aside.u003c/p>n”,”fadein”:false,”__typename”:”ACFContent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4″:{“hide_this_component”:null,”acf_fc_layout”:”image_component”,”format”:”inline”,”regular_caption_right”:false,”settings”:””,”attribution”:”u003cp>Emily Tan/Simons Foundationu003c/p>n”,”caption”:”u003cp>Jennifer Cano, a condensed topic physicist at Stony Brook College, is without doubt one of the theorists seeking to get a maintain at the fractional anomalous quantum Corridor impact.u003c/p>n”,”mobile_comp_caption”:””,”mobile_comp_attribution”:””,”units”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.4.sets.0″,”typename”:”ImageSet”}],”__typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0″:{“settings”:””,”symbol”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0.symbol”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0.mobile_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_side_margins”:false,”mobile_width_constraint”:””,”mobile_caption”:””,”mobile_attribution”:””,”zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0.zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”zoom_caption”:””,”zoom_attribution”:””,”mobile_zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0.mobile_zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_zoom_caption”:””,”mobile_zoom_attribution”:””,”external_link”:””,”__typename”:”ImageSet”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.4.units.0.symbol”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:” 2012, a gaggle of researchers at Tsinghua College in China created a steel movie from a mixture of parts — bismuth, antimony and tellurium, with a splash of chromium to offer an efficient interior magnetic box. When the Tsinghua crew ran a present during the movie, with none exterior magnetic box, the feature integer plateaus within the Corridor resistance u003ca href=” upu003c/a>.u003c/p>nu003cp>Round the similar time, u003ca href=” u003ca href=” u003ca href=” imagined tactics to create a fractional quantum anomalous Corridor impact, with a sequence of plateaus at fractions of the sq. of the electron’s price. To showcase it, a hypothetical subject material would want an impressive efficient interior magnetic box. Moreover,  it could want to fortify the subtle many-body interactions that lead electrons to decorate themselves within the magnetic box and create composite fermions — stringent necessities. “I assumed they’d by no means be learned,” stated u003ca href=” Andrei Bernevigu003c/a>, a condensed topic theorist at Princeton College who labored on some of the papers.u003c/p>nu003cp>What they didn’t see coming was once a complete new magnificence of 2D fabrics.u003c/p>nu003ch2>u003cstrong>Moiré Magicu003c/sturdy>u003c/h2>nu003cp>In 2004, after many years of attempting, physicists controlled to isolate a sheet of graphene — a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms — the use of a singular exfoliation process: They used Scotch tape to peel the sheet off a slab of graphite. 2D fabrics like graphene quickly confirmed promise as platforms for attention-grabbing electron behaviors. Only some years later, physicists put room-temperature graphene beneath an impressive magnetic box and noticed the integer quantum Corridor impact.u003c/p>nu003cdiv identity=’component-66575cc5045e7′ magnificence=””>u003cscript sort=”textual content/template”>{“sort”:”Article”,”identity”:”component-66575cc5045e7″,”information”:{“put up”:{“identity”:71174,”identify”:”With a Easy Twist, a u2018Magicu2019 Subject material Is Now the Large Factor in Physics”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-twisted-graphene-became-the-big-thing-in-physics-20190430/”,”date”:”April 30, 2019″,”featured_media_image”:{“url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”width”:520,”top”:292,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-520×292.jpg”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”broad”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-160×160.jpg”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-520×292.jpg”}},”acf”:{“featured_block_title”:””,”featured_image_default”:{“ID”:71196,”identity”:71196,”identify”:”Graphene_Angle_520x292″,”filename”:”Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”filesize”:88966,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-twisted-graphene-became-the-big-thing-in-physics-20190430/graphene_angle_520x292/”,”alt”:”Artwork for “With a Easy Twist, a u2018Magicu2019 Subject material Has Quietly Grow to be the Greatest Factor in Physics””,”writer”:”13684″,”description”:”Olena Shmahalo/Quanta Mag”,”caption”:”Itu2019s exceptionally tough to curl two sheets of graphene precisely 1.1 levels out of alignment. However this u201cmagic perspectiveu201d results in ordinary results. u201cI couldnu2019t imagine it,u201d stated one scientist. u201cI imply I in truth discovered it past trust.u201d”,”identify”:”graphene_angle_520x292″,”standing”:”inherit”,”uploaded_to”:71174,”date”:”2019-04-29 15:41:27″,”changed”:”2019-04-29 15:52:01″,”menu_order”:0,”mime_type”:”symbol/jpeg”,”sort”:”symbol”,”subtype”:”jpeg”,”icon”:”https://api.quantamagazine.org/wp-includes/pictures/media/default.png”,”width”:520,”top”:292,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-520×292.jpg”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”broad”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292.jpg”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-160×160.jpg”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2019/04/Graphene_Angle_520x292-520×292.jpg”}},”kicker”:{“identify”:”quantum physics”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/tag/quantum-physics/”}},”authors”:[]}}}u003c/script>u003c/div>nu003cp>Nevertheless it was once “moiré fabrics” that cemented 2D fabrics because the platform of selection. Pronounced both mwah-ray or mor-ay, the phrase historically refers back to the rippling trend created by means of covering two sheets of material, akin to silk. Physicists have borrowed the time period to explain the patterns created when overlaid sheets of atoms are offset by means of an perspective, or fairly mismatched in dimension.u003c/p>nu003cp>In comparison to standard three-D fabrics, 2D moirés are extraordinarily customizable. Tiny permutations within the techniques can produce dramatic adjustments. As an example, in 2017, researchers at MIT u003ca href=” two sheets of grapheneu003c/a> at precisely 1.1 levels. When cooled to a few levels above absolute 0, the moiré subject material exhibited one of the engaging quantum states: superconductivity, the place electrons go with the flow with 0 resistance. Alter the twist perspective by means of part some extent and the superconductivity disappears. Nearly in a single day, many teams of researchers switched their efforts and started seeking to make moiré fabrics.u003c/p>nu003cp>“You’re pushing past what nature supposed those crystals to seem like by means of artificially assembling them,” stated u003ca href=” Yankowitzu003c/a>, a physicist on the College of Washington.u003c/p>nu003cp>Some researchers, together with Jie Shan and Family members Fai Mak, u003ca href=” pair of physicistsu003c/a> at Cornell College, labored with 2D crystals referred to as transition steel dichalcogenides (TMDs). Those are semiconductors like silicon — best for investigating digital habits. When Shan and Mak created moirés with TMDs, attention-grabbing phenomena popped out. One TMD moiré exhibited the quantum anomalous Corridor impact. However the impact’s fractional counterpart remained tantalizingly out of succeed in.u003c/p>nu003ch2>u003cstrong>Fractions and Anomaliesu003c/sturdy>u003c/h2>nu003cp>A leap forward got here a 12 months in the past when a College of Washington group, led by means of u003ca href=” Xuu003c/a>, controlled to watch the fractional quantum anomalous Corridor impact in a moiré subject material made from stacked and twisted layers of molybdenum ditelluride, one of those TMD. It was once the primary time that fractional fees had conclusively been noticed with out an exterior magnetic box. A couple of weeks after Xu’s group revealed in u003cem>Natureu003c/em>, a gaggle at Shanghai Jiao Tong College u003ca href=” the similar leads to u003cem>Bodily Overview Xu003c/em>.u003c/p>n”,”fadein”:false,”__typename”:”ACFContent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6″:{“hide_this_component”:null,”acf_fc_layout”:”image_component”,”format”:”common”,”regular_caption_right”:false,”settings”:””,”attribution”:”u003cp>Courtesy of Xiaodong Xuu003c/p>n”,”caption”:”u003cp>Xiaodong Xu (proper) led a group on the College of Washington that stumbled on the fractional anomalous quantum Corridor impact.u003c/p>n”,”mobile_comp_caption”:””,”mobile_comp_attribution”:””,”units”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.acf.modules.6.sets.0″,”typename”:”ImageSet”}],”__typename”:”ACFImageComponent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0″:{“settings”:””,”symbol”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0.symbol”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0.mobile_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_side_margins”:false,”mobile_width_constraint”:””,”mobile_caption”:””,”mobile_attribution”:””,”zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0.zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”zoom_caption”:””,”zoom_attribution”:””,”mobile_zoom_image”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0.mobile_zoom_image”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”mobile_zoom_caption”:””,”mobile_zoom_attribution”:””,”external_link”:””,”__typename”:”ImageSet”},”$Publish:138229.acf.modules.6.units.0.symbol”:{“alt”:”4 males huddle round a pc display in a lab.”,”caption”:””,”url”:” href=” Juu003c/a>, a physicist at MIT who makes a speciality of 2D fabrics, was once additionally in pursuit of the impact. Ju caught 5 layers of moderately aligned graphene between boron nitride, cooled it down, and measured the resistance.u003c/p>nu003cp>Once more, the feature fractional plateaus gave the impression with none magnetic box. “It was once a complete marvel,” Ju stated.u003c/p>nu003cp>Whilst some research indicated that TMDs would showcase the impact (on the proper twist perspective, the fabrics had been anticipated to supply an impressive efficient interior magnetic box), no theorist had predicted that the impact would display up in a subject material like Ju’s at MIT. The invention has ended in a great deal of head-scratching.u003c/p>nu003cp>Cano, at Stony Brook, spent her graduate college years delightedly puzzling over the fractional quantum Corridor impact, which has since been most commonly resolved. “I assumed that was once within the rearview reflect,” she stated. “It was once very thrilling to me when most of these traits in twisted TMDs and graphene got here up.” Cano and different theorists are fascinated about easy methods to type the fabrics, but it surely’s now not simple. “They buckle, they ripple, they pressure, they distort, and so it’s in truth very tough to make a quantitatively proper type,” she stated.u003c/p>nu003cdiv identity=’component-66575cc506fd1′ magnificence=””>u003cscript sort=”textual content/template”>{“sort”:”Symbol”,”identity”:”component-66575cc506fd1″,”information”:{“identity”:138248,”src”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”alt”:”A person wears protecting glasses and fiddles with a inexperienced laser.”,”magnificence”:””,”width”:1300,”top”:989,”mobileSrc”:false,”zoomSrc”:false,”mobileZoomSrc”:false,”align”:”align=”inline””,”wrapper_width”:””,”caption”:”u003cp>Lengthy Ju in his lab on the Massachusetts Institute of Generation.u003c/p>n”,”attribution”:”u003cp>MITu003c/p>n”,”variant”:”shortcode”,”dimension”:”vast”,”disableZoom”:true,”disableMobileZoom”:false,”srcImage”:{“ID”:138248,”identity”:138248,”identify”:”LongJu-crMIT-03″,”filename”:”LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”filesize”:588608,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-puzzle-over-emergence-of-strange-electron-aggregates-20240529/longju-crmit-03/”,”alt”:”A person wears protecting glasses and fiddles with a inexperienced laser.”,”writer”:”52094″,”description”:””,”caption”:””,”identify”:”longju-crmit-03″,”standing”:”inherit”,”uploaded_to”:138229,”date”:”2024-05-29 14:52:08″,”changed”:”2024-05-29 14:52:52″,”menu_order”:0,”mime_type”:”symbol/webp”,”sort”:”symbol”,”subtype”:”webp”,”icon”:”https://api.quantamagazine.org/wp-includes/pictures/media/default.png”,”width”:1300,”top”:989,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03-520×396.webp”,”thumbnail-width”:520,”thumbnail-height”:396,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”medium-width”:1300,”medium-height”:989,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03-768×584.webp”,”medium_large-width”:768,”medium_large-height”:584,”broad”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”large-width”:1300,”large-height”:989,”1536×1536″:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”1536×1536-width”:1300,”1536×1536-height”:989,”2048×2048″:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03.webp”,”2048×2048-width”:1300,”2048×2048-height”:989,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03-160×160.webp”,”square_small-width”:160,”square_small-height”:160,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/LongJu-crMIT-03-520×520.webp”,”square_large-width”:520,”square_large-height”:520}},”largeForPrint”:true,”externalLink”:””,”original_resolution”:false}}u003c/script>u003c/div>nu003cp>The trouble, on the subject of figuring out the fractional quantum anomalous Corridor impact, is twofold. Theorists will have to first grapple with what’s in truth going down within the experimental samples. Then they have got to believe: What can electrons do, in idea?u003c/p>nu003cp>The precise function of the moiré trend stays poorly understood. Some theorists to begin with questioned whether or not the moiré is wanted in any respect. Most likely the magic was once all within the graphene. Unpublished effects from Ju’s crew have since proven that with out the mismatched hexagonal boron nitride and graphene lattices, there aren’t any fractional fees. “It’s transparent that the moiré is essential,” Bernevig stated.u003c/p>nu003cp>One risk is that the layered graphene might be host to a so-called anomalous Corridor crystal. In contrast to a bodily crystal made from a lattice of atoms, akin to a diamond, an anomalous Corridor crystal could be ephemeral, with a lattice composed of electrons organized in a honeycomb. The electrons in this sort of crystal are strong, but “nonetheless ready to speak to one another,” as Cano places it, and so their collective interactions can provide upward push to composite fermions with fractional fees.u003c/p>nu003cp>Ju is these days growing extra samples and making an attempt to measure them at decrease temperatures, the place there will probably be much less thermal power within the gadget, doubtlessly permitting him to identify an anomalous Corridor crystal. The paintings is ongoing, and “it’s nonetheless too early to attract any conclusion,” he stated.u003c/p>nu003cdiv identity=’component-66575cc507d9c’ magnificence=”related-list”>u003cscript sort=”textual content/template”>{“sort”:”LinkList”,”identity”:”component-66575cc507d9c”,”information”:{“identify”:”Comparable:”,”magnificence”:”related-list”,”hyperlinks”:[{“type”:”internal”,”link”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/fractons-the-weirdest-matter-could-yield-quantum-clues-20210726/”,”title”:”The u2018Weirdestu2019 Matter, Made of Partial Particles, Defies Description”},{“type”:”internal”,”link”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-near-magical-mystery-of-quasiparticles-20210324/”,”title”:”The Near-Magical Mystery of Quasiparticles”},{“type”:”internal”,”link”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/meet-strange-metals-where-electricity-may-flow-without-electrons-20231127/”,”title”:”Meet Strange Metals: Where Electricity May Flow Without Electrons”}]}}u003c/script>u003c/div>nu003cp>Whilst lots of the quasiparticles with fractional fees that stand up in those techniques are on account of composite fermions, positive fractions with peculiar numerators, just like the 5/2 and seven/2 states, might contain stranger quasiparticles referred to as non-abelian anyons. Wind two of those round every different, and their states trade, preserving a document of this winding. If those anyons might be remoted and “braided,” a managed operation to wind their paths, they might shape the best quantum bits wanted for quantum computing, for the reason that knowledge encoded in them could be powerful and strong.u003c/p>nu003cp>The possibility of non-abelian anyons for quantum computing has pushed many years of analysis in academia and business. Whilst there were hints — and retracted claims — no person has definitively noticed the uncommon quasiparticles, let on my own used them for computation. Researchers like u003ca href=” Youngu003c/a>, an experimentalist on the College of California, Santa Barbara, are putting their hope in moirés, which might be offering the most efficient likelihood but to catch sight in their quantum quarry. Even in two dimensions, discovering non-abelian anyons received’t be simple. “It’s a zoo,” Younger stated. “So much can move on in those techniques.”u003c/p>n”,”fadein”:false,”__typename”:”ACFContent”},”$Publish:138229.acf.collection”:{“identify”:null,”hyperlink”:null,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0″:{“identify”:”Easy Equation Predicts the Shapes of Carbon-Taking pictures Wetlands”,”hyperlink”:”https://www.quantamagazine.org/simple-equation-predicts-the-shapes-of-carbon-capturing-wetlands-20240528/”,”classes”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.next.data.0.categories.0″,”typename”:”Term”}],”featured_media_image”:null,”acf”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf”,”typename”:”ACFFields”},”__typename”:”Publish”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.classes.0″:{“slug”:”biology”,”__typename”:”Time period”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf”:{“template”:”article”,”featured_block_title”:””,”featured_image_gif”:false,”featured_image_default”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf.featured_image_default”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”featured_image_full_width”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf.featured_image_full_width”,”typename”:”Symbol”},”__typename”:”ACFFields”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf.featured_image_default”:{“alt”:”An overhead symbol of Viru bathroom in Estonia. Expanses of dense inexperienced peat blanket lots of the darkish lake beneath.”,”caption”:””,”url”:” overhead symbol of Viru bathroom in Estonia. Expanses of dense inexperienced peat blanket lots of the darkish lake beneath.”,”caption”:””,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-scaled.webp”,”width”:2560,”top”:1084,”sizes”:{“sort”:”identity”,”generated”:true,”identity”:”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf.featured_image_full_width.sizes”,”typename”:”ImageSizes”},”__typename”:”Symbol”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent.information.0.acf.featured_image_full_width.sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-520×220.webp”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-160×160.webp”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-520×520.webp”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-1720×729.webp”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-768×325.webp”,”broad”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2024/05/BogMath-crJaanusJagomagi-HP-1-scaled.webp”,”__typename”:”ImageSizes”},”$Publish:138229.subsequent”:{“information”:[{“type”:”id”,”generated”:true,”id”:”$Post:138229.next.data.0″,”typename”:”Post”}],”__typename”:”PostPageArchive”}}n”,”settings”:{“socialLinks”:[{“type”:”facebook”,”label”:”Facebook”,”url”:”https://www.facebook.com/QuantaNews”,”__typename”:”SocialMediaLink”},{“type”:”twitter”,”label”:”Twitter”,”url”:”https://twitter.com/QuantaMagazine”,”__typename”:”SocialMediaLink”},{“type”:”youtube”,”label”:”YouTube”,”url”:”https://www.youtube.com/c/QuantaScienceChannel”,”__typename”:”SocialMediaLink”},{“type”:”instagram”,”label”:”Instagram”,”url”:”https://instagram.com/quantamag”,”__typename”:”SocialMediaLink”},{“type”:”rss”,”label”:”RSS”,”url”:”https://api.quantamagazine.org/feed/”,”__typename”:”SocialMediaLink”}],”newsletterAction”:”https://quantamagazine.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe/put up?u=0d6ddf7dc1a0b7297c8e06618&identity=f0cb61321c”,”newsletterUrl”:”http://us1.campaign-archive2.com/house/?u=0d6ddf7dc1a0b7297c8e06618&identity=f0cb61321c”,”sfNotice”:”An editorially unbiased newsletter supported by means of the Simons Basis.”,”commentsHeader”:”Quanta Mag moderates feedback to facilitate an educated, substantive, civil dialog. Abusive, profane, self-promotional, deceptive, incoherent or off-topic feedback will probably be rejected. Moderators are staffed all over common industry hours (New York time) and will simplest settle for feedback written in English. n”,”channels”:[{“title”:”The Joy of Why”,”slug”:”the-joy-of-why”,”description”:”The mathematician and author Steven Strogatz and the astrophysicist and author Janna Levin interview leading researchers about the great scientific and mathematical questions of our time.”,”featured_image”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:” Science Podcast”,”slug”:”quanta-podcast”,”description”:”Susan Valot narrates in-depth news episodes based on Quanta Magazine’s articles about mathematics, physics, biology and computer science. “,”featured_image”:{“alt”:”text reads Quanta Science Podcast”,”caption”:””,”url”:” reads Quanta Science Podcast”,”caption”:””,”url”:” Joy of x”,”slug”:”the-joy-of-x”,”description”:”The acclaimed mathematician and author Steven Strogatz interviews some of the world’s leading scientists about their lives and work.”,”featured_image”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1.jpg”,”width”:1920,”height”:1080,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1-520×293.jpg”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1-160×160.jpg”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1-520×520.jpg”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1-1720×968.jpg”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1-768×432.jpg”,”large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JoX_Spheres_1920x1080-1.jpg”,”__typename”:”ImageSizes”},”__typename”:”Image”},”square_image”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600.jpg”,”width”:600,”height”:600,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600-520×520.jpg”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600-160×160.jpg”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600-520×520.jpg”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600.jpg”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600.jpg”,”large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/03/JofX_podcast_logo-NEW-600.jpg”,”__typename”:”ImageSizes”},”__typename”:”Image”},”subscribe_itunes_link”:”https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-joy-of-x/id1495067186″,”subscribe_spotify_link”:”https://open.spotify.com/show/5HcCtKPH5gnOjRiMtTdC07?si=lFzCzat9QfuPU3hWuYibxQ”,”subscribe_android_link”:”https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hcGkucXVhbnRhbWFnYXppbmUub3JnL2ZlZWQvdGhlLWpveS1vZi14Lw”,”subscribe_amazon_link”:””,”prx_feed_url”:””,”__typename”:”Channel”}],”editors”:[{“name”:”Bill Andrews – Senior Editor, CS, Columns”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Ben Brubaker – Staff CS Writer”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Matt Carlstrom – Senior Engagement Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Jordana Cepelewicz – Senior Math Writer”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Natalie Wolchover – Senior Physics Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Konstantin Kakaes – Senior Math Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Michael Moyer – Executive Editor, Physics, Math, CS”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”John Rennie – Deputy Editor, Biology, Podcasts”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Yasemin Saplakoglu – Staff Biology Writer”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Samuel Velasco – Art Director”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Charlie Wood – Staff Physics Writer”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Christopher Young – Director of Video”,”__typename”:”Editor”},{“name”:”Hannah Waters – Senior Biology Editor”,”__typename”:”Editor”}],”popularSearches”:[{“term”:”math”,”label”:”Mathematics”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“term”:”physics”,”label”:”Physics”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“term”:”black holes”,”label”:”Black Holes”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”},{“term”:”evolution”,”label”:”Evolution”,”__typename”:”PopularSearch”}],”searchTopics”:[{“type”:”Tag”,”label”:”Podcasts”,”tag”:{“name”:”Quanta Podcast”,”slug”:”quanta-podcast”,”term_id”:”552″,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Tag”,”label”:”Columns”,”tag”:{“name”:”Quantized Columns”,”slug”:”quantized”,”term_id”:”551″,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Series”,”label”:”Series”,”tag”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Category”,”label”:”Interviews”,”tag”:{“name”:”Q&A”,”slug”:”qa”,”term_id”:”567″,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:”Q&A”,”slug”:”qa”,”term_id”:”176″,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Category”,”label”:”Multimedia”,”tag”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:”Multimedia”,”slug”:”multimedia”,”term_id”:”43″,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Category”,”label”:”Puzzles”,”tag”:{“name”:”puzzles”,”slug”:”puzzles”,”term_id”:”542″,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:”Puzzles”,”slug”:”puzzles”,”term_id”:”546″,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”Category”,”label”:”Blog Posts”,”tag”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:”Abstractions blog”,”slug”:”abstractions”,”term_id”:”619″,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”news”,”label”:”News Articles”,”tag”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”},{“type”:”videos”,”label”:”Videos”,”tag”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”category”:{“name”:null,”slug”:null,”term_id”:null,”__typename”:”Term”},”__typename”:”SearchTopic”}],”searchSections”:[{“name”:”Mathematics”,”slug”:”mathematics”,”term_id”:”188″,”__typename”:”Term”},{“name”:”Physics”,”slug”:”physics”,”term_id”:”189″,”__typename”:”Term”},{“name”:”Biology”,”slug”:”biology”,”term_id”:”191″,”__typename”:”Term”},{“name”:”Computer Science”,”slug”:”computer-science”,”term_id”:”190″,”__typename”:”Term”}],”searchAuthors”:[{“id”:”38171″,”name”:”Adam Becker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”28087″,”name”:”Adam Mann”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”29794″,”name”:”Alex Kontorovich”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53037″,”name”:”Alex Stone”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”39302″,”name”:”Alexander Hellemans”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”56″,”name”:”Alla Katsnelson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”47249″,”name”:”Allison Parshall”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”29458″,”name”:”Allison Whitten”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”73″,”name”:”Amanda Gefter”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53488″,”name”:”Amos Zeeberg”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”39164″,”name”:”Ana Kova”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”59″,”name”:”Andreas von Bubnoff”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”8728″,”name”:”Anil Ananthaswamy”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”11648″,”name”:”Ann Finkbeiner”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50964″,”name”:”Anna Funk”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50172″,”name”:”Anna Gibbs”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”51678″,”name”:”Anna Kramer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”42689″,”name”:”Annie Melchor”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”95″,”name”:”Ariel Bleicher”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”52094″,”name”:”Arleen Santana”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”57728″,”name”:”Asher Elbein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15493″,”name”:”Ashley Smart”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”450″,”name”:”Ashley Yeager”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”36490″,”name”:”Ben Brubaker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”16315″,”name”:”Bill Andrews”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”2752″,”name”:”Bob Henderson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15492″,”name”:”Brendan Z. Foster”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”68″,”name”:”Brooke Borel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54352″,”name”:”C. Brandon Ogbunu”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”62″,”name”:”Carl Zimmer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13684″,”name”:”Caroline Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13691″,”name”:”Caroline Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50″,”name”:”Carrie Arnold”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50328″,”name”:”ccampbell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15142″,”name”:”Chanda Prescod-Weinstein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”8084″,”name”:”Charlie Wood”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”742″,”name”:”Christie Wilcox”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”51630″,”name”:”Christopher W. Young”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”11543″,”name”:”Claudia Dreifus”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”57″,”name”:”Courtney Humphries”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”7262″,”name”:”Dalmeet Singh Chawla”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”70″,”name”:”Dan Falk”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”55512″,”name”:”Dan Samorodnitsky”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”19918″,”name”:”Dana Najjar”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13695″,”name”:”Daniel Garisto”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”32676″,”name”:”Daniel S. Freed”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13724″,”name”:”David H. Freedman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”26310″,”name”:”David S. Richeson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”30207″,”name”:”David Tse”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”19266″,”name”:”Devin Powell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13251″,”name”:”Diana Kwon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”17000″,”name”:”Elena Renken”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53469″,”name”:”Elise Cutts”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54874″,”name”:”Elizabeth Finkel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”17149″,”name”:”Elizabeth Landau”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”5279″,”name”:”Elizabeth Preston”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”58″,”name”:”Elizabeth Svoboda”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”32612″,”name”:”Ellen Horne”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53047″,”name”:”Elliot Lichtman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”27534″,”name”:”Emily Buder”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”25173″,”name”:”Emily Levesque”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”64″,”name”:”Emily Singer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”47″,”name”:”Erica Klarreich”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”14784″,”name”:”Erika K. Carlson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”98″,”name”:”Esther Landhuis”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”5830″,”name”:”Eva Silverstein”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”6793″,”name”:”Evelyn Lamb”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”75″,”name”:”Ferris Jabr”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”52″,”name”:”Frank Wilczek”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”69″,”name”:”Gabriel Popkin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”77″,”name”:”George Musser”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”19092″,”name”:”Grant Sanderson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54635″,”name”:”Hannah Waters”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”20557″,”name”:”Howard Lee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”66″,”name”:”Ingrid Daubechies”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”46418″,”name”:”Ingrid Wickelgren”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”85″,”name”:”Ivan Amato”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54757″,”name”:”Jackson Ryan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”37141″,”name”:”Jake Buehler”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”44758″,”name”:”James Dinneen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”49403″,”name”:”James R. Riordon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”12170″,”name”:”Janna Levin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54876″,”name”:”Javier Barbuzano”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”32″,”name”:”Jeanette Kazmierczak”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”51″,”name”:”Jennifer Ouellette”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”44787″,”name”:”Joanna Thompson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50541″,”name”:”John M. Beggs”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”72″,”name”:”John Pavlus”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”16475″,”name”:”John Preskill”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”91″,”name”:”John Rennie”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”10351″,”name”:”Jonathan Lambert”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”31716″,”name”:”Jonathan O’Callaghan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”1241″,”name”:”Jordana Cepelewicz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”8463″,”name”:”Joshua Roebke”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”49″,”name”:”Joshua Sokol”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”16815″,”name”:”jye”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”67″,”name”:”K.C. Cole”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”37462″,”name”:”Karmela Padavic-Callaghan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”87″,”name”:”Kat McGowan”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”36139″,”name”:”Katarina Zimmer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”20556″,”name”:”Katherine Harmon Courage”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”90″,”name”:”Katia Moskvitch”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”39551″,”name”:”Katie McCormick”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”27374″,”name”:”Kelsey Houston-Edwards”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”40″,”name”:”Kevin Hartnett”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”47633″,”name”:”Konstantin Kakaes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”45758″,”name”:”Kristina Armitage”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”38413″,”name”:”Lakshmi Chandrasekaran”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”55855″,”name”:”Laura Dattaro”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”12570″,”name”:”Laura Poppick”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”38699″,”name”:”Leila Sloman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”59443″,”name”:”Lesley Evans Ogden”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”23451″,”name”:”Liam Drew”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”79″,”name”:”Liz Kruesi”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”38″,”name”:”Lucy Reading-Ikkanda”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”47180″,”name”:”Lyndie Chiou”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”55532″,”name”:”Madison Goldberg”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”60″,”name”:”Maggie McKee”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”2333″,”name”:”Mallory Locklear”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”3569″,”name”:”Marcus Woo”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”414″,”name”:”Mark Kim-Mulgrew”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50807″,”name”:”Marta Zaraska”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”20495″,”name”:”Matt Carlstrom”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”47830″,”name”:”Matt von Hippel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”17147″,”name”:”Matthew Hutson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”30953″,”name”:”Max G. Levy”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”32437″,”name”:”Max Kozlov”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”57270″,”name”:”Maya Wei-Haas”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”38705″,”name”:”mcho”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”58054″,”name”:”Meghan Willcoxon”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”40613″,”name”:”Melanie Mitchell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”7186″,”name”:”Melinda Wenner Moyer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”57384″,”name”:”Michael Greshko”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”14093″,”name”:”Michael Harris”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”34″,”name”:”Michael Kranz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”23″,”name”:”Michael Moyer”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”74″,”name”:”Michael Nielsen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”19093″,”name”:”Michele Bannister”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50861″,”name”:”Mike Orcutt”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”1472″,”name”:”Moira Chas”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”6476″,”name”:”Monique Brouillette”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”42264″,”name”:”Mordechai Rorvig”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”52093″,”name”:”Nadia Drake”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”10″,”name”:”Natalie Wolchover”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”37605″,”name”:”Nick Thieme”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”43298″,”name”:”Nicole Yunger Halpern”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”37428″,”name”:”Nima Arkani-Hamed”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”19962″,”name”:”Nola Taylor Tillman”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”51434″,”name”:”Nona Griffin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”57764″,”name”:”Nora Bradford”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”24″,”name”:”Olena Shmahalo”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”1816″,”name”:”Patrick Honner”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”46889″,”name”:”Paul Chaikin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”84″,”name”:”Peter Byrne”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”55″,”name”:”Philip Ball”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”50804″,”name”:”Polly Stryker”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”31″,”name”:”Pradeep Mutalik”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”24011″,”name”:”Puja Changoiwala”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”100″,”name”:”Quanta Magazine”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”2784″,”name”:”R. Douglas Fields”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”26114″,”name”:”Rachel Crowell”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”9412″,”name”:”Raleigh McElvery”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”820″,”name”:”Ramin Skibba”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”1666″,”name”:”Rebecca Boyle”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”20950″,”name”:”Richard Masland”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”48″,”name”:”Robbert Dijkgraaf”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”80″,”name”:”Roberta Kwok”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15681″,”name”:”Robin George Andrews”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”51187″,”name”:”Robin Lloyd”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”24577″,”name”:”Rodrigo Pérez Ortega”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”78″,”name”:”Sabine Hossenfelder”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”59339″,”name”:”Samir Patel”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”23845″,”name”:”Samuel Velasco”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”83″,”name”:”Sarah Lewin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”55385″,”name”:”Sarah Scoles”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53621″,”name”:”Saugat Bolakhe”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”35441″,”name”:”Scott Aaronson”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”76″,”name”:”Sean B. Carroll”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15680″,”name”:”Sean Carroll”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”7239″,”name”:”Shannon Hall”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”44197″,”name”:”Sheon Han”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”65″,”name”:”Siobhan Roberts”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”5944″,”name”:”Sophia Chen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”61″,”name”:”Steph Yin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”63″,”name”:”Stephanie Bucklin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”26311″,”name”:”Stephanie DeMarco”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”71″,”name”:”Stephen Ornes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”17148″,”name”:”Steve Nadis”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”13356″,”name”:”Steven Strogatz”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”17150″,”name”:”Susan D’Agostino”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”39768″,”name”:”Tamar Lichter Blanks”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”2960″,”name”:”Tara C. Smith”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”52224″,”name”:”Theo Nicitopoulos”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”14785″,”name”:”Thomas Lewton”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”3″,”name”:”Thomas Lin”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”59313″,”name”:”Thomas Zurbuchen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”54″,”name”:”Tim Vernimmen”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”88″,”name”:”Tom Siegfried”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”12964″,”name”:”Vanessa Schipani”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”53″,”name”:”Veronique Greenwood”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”86″,”name”:”Virginia Hughes”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”3244″,”name”:”Viviane Callier”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”89″,”name”:”Wynne Parry”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”15913″,”name”:”XiaoZhi Lim”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”42263″,”name”:”Yasemin Saplakoglu”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”},{“id”:”45757″,”name”:”Zack Savitsky”,”__typename”:”AuthorList”}],”adBehavior”:”all over”,”adUrl”:”https://www.simonsfoundation.org/”,”adImageHome”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2022/08/HP-Design-Cpercent402x.png”,”adImageArticle”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2022/08/Article-Design-Dpercent402x.png”,”adImageTablet”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2022/08/E-newsletter-Design-Epercent402x.png”,”adImageMobile”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2022/08/HP-Design-Cpercent402x-1.png”,”trackingScripts”:”rnrnrnrnrnrnrnrn”},”theme”:{“web page”:{“sorts”:”background,textual content,accessory”,”accessory”:”#ff8600″,”textual content”:”#1a1a1a”,”background”:”#FFFFFF”},”header”:{“sort”:”default”,”gradient”:{“colour”:”white”},”forged”:{“sorts”:”number one,secondary,hover”,”number one”:”#1a1a1a”,”secondary”:”#999999″,”hover”:”#ff8600″},”clear”:{“number one”:”white”,”secondary”:”white”,”hover”:”#ff8600″}}},”redirect”:null,”fallbackImage”:{“alt”:””,”caption”:””,”url”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default.gif”,”width”:1200,”top”:600,”sizes”:{“thumbnail”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default-520×260.gif”,”square_small”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default-160×160.gif”,”square_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default-520×520.gif”,”medium”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default.gif”,”medium_large”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default-768×384.gif”,”broad”:”https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.web/uploads/2017/04/default.gif”,”__typename”:”ImageSizes”},”__typename”:”Symbol”}},”modals”:{“loginModal”:false,”signUpModal”:false,”forgotPasswordModal”:false,”resetPasswordModal”:false,”lightboxModal”:false,”callback”:null,”props”:null},”podcast”:{“identity”:null,”enjoying”:false,”period”:0,”currentTime”:0},”person”:{“loggedIn”:false,”savedArticleIDs”:[],”userEmail”:””,”editor”:false},”feedback”:{“open”:false},”cookies”:{“acceptedCookie”:false}},
env: {
APP_URL: ‘
NODE_ENV: ‘manufacturing’,
WP_URL: ‘
HAS_GOOGLE_ID: true,
HAS_FACEBOOK_ID: true,
},
}

Author: OpenAI