Marc Tessier-Lavigne adauza omwe adagawana nawo mu 2009 kuti kafukufuku wake “asintha kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa Alzheimer's.” Tsopano, Purezidenti wakale wa Stanford ndi omwe adalemba nawo adabweza pepala lomwe adalengezapo, povomereza kuti alibe chidaliro pazomwe adalemba. Nyuzipepala yotchuka ya Nature inalengeza kuti isiyanitsidwa mu kalata ya Disembala 18 yosainidwa ndi onse anayi olemba nawo. Cholembacho chinavomereza zolakwika zingapo za zithunzi ndi zolakwika za biostatistical, koma anakana kuti kafukufukuyu anali ndi deta yolakwika. Tessier-Lavigne adalimbikitsidwa koyamba kuti achotse pepalalo zaka khumi zapitazo koma adalimbikira Julayi kuti sakanatero. “Monga ndi mapepala anga onse, panthawi yofalitsidwa ndi Nature 2009, ndimakhulupirira kuti zotsatira za pepalalo zinali zolondola komanso zolondola,” adatero Tessier-Lavigne m'mawu ake a The Day-to-day sabata yatha. “Ndikukhulupirira kuti palibe zabodza pamapepala,” adalemba mu imelo yotsatira. Kubweza uku ndi kwachinayi kwa Tessier-Lavigne m'miyezi ingapo, kusintha kodabwitsa kwa wofufuza za msinkhu wake. Katswiri wolemera komanso wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya ubongo, Tessier-Lavigne adagwira ntchito ngati mkulu wa sayansi ku Genentech komanso Purezidenti wa Rockefeller College asanatenge utsogoleri wa Stanford. Adatula pansi udindo wake ngati purezidenti chilimwechi pambuyo poti kafukufuku yemwe adathandizidwa ndi Stanford adatsimikizira kuti pali kafukufuku wabodza wotuluka m'ma laboratories omwe adathamangira. Tessier-Lavigne sanaimbidwe mlandu wodzipangira yekha kapena kulimbikitsa zabodza. Koma kafukufuku wa Stanford adapeza kuti adalephera kukonza mbiri yasayansi nthawi zosiyanasiyana pomwe zabodza zidadziwika m'ma lab atatu ndi zaka makumi awiri. Kuchotsa kumakhalabe kosowa kwambiri pamapepala asayansi: asanu ndi atatu okha mwa 10,000 aliwonse amachotsedwa, malinga ndi nkhokwe ya Retraction Watch. Mapepala awiri a Tessier-Lavigne a neurodevelopment omwe adasindikizidwa mu Science ndi lachitatu lofalitsidwa mu Mobile adachotsedwa kale kugwa uku atapezeka kuti ali ndi zithunzi zosinthidwa. Pepala lina l. a. Tessier-Lavigne lofalitsidwa m'Chilengedwe lidaperekedwa ndikuwonetsa kukhudzidwa ndi “kusintha kwa kafukufuku” mwezi uno, kutanthauza kuti ikhoza kuwongolera kapena kubweza. Koma pepala l. a. 2009, lomwe lidapeza zolemba zazikulu 816 malinga ndi Clarivate's Internet of Science, inali imodzi mwamapepala ofunika kwambiri omwe Tessier-Lavigne adasindikiza. Inanena kuti idapeza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer ndipo idapereka njira yochizira matenda oopsa. Kumayambiriro kwa 2008, chaka chomwe pepalalo lisanasindikizidwe, zoyeserera zomwe zidachitika ku Genentech zidawonetsa kuti kupeza kwake pakati, kumangirira pakati pa mapuloteni awiri enieni, kunali kosadalirika. “Asanasindikizidwe pepalalo, antchito ena kupatula olembawo adayesa zomangira zomwe zidawonetsa zotsatira zosagwirizana,” adatero Genentech m'mawu a April. “Atsogoleri akuluakulu ku Genentech kuphatikizapo Dr. Tessier-Lavigne ankadziwa zotsatira zosagwirizana,” inapitiriza ndime yotsatira. Umboni woti kumangako kunali kosagwirizana sikunaphatikizidwe mu pepala kapena kutchulidwa poyera ndi Tessier-Lavigne. Tessier-Lavigne adauza ofufuza a Stanford kuti “ngakhale anali Wofufuza Wamkulu, anali asanapatsidwepo zotsatira zonse zosagwirizana ndipo, akanadziwa kukula kwake, akadachita nawo kafukufuku wowonjezera.” M'mawu ake sabata yatha, adabwerezanso kuti samadziwa asanasindikizidwe kuti zomwe zimafunikira pakufufuza kwake sizingafanane bwino. Genentech anakana kufotokoza zambiri za kuwerenga kwake. Ngakhale panali kusatsimikizika kwamkati, kutulutsidwa kwa anthu kwa Genentech kunayamika kafukufukuyu monga momwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali polimbana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. “Chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu,” kalata yapachaka ya Genentech ya 2009 yopita kwa omwe ali ndi ma sheya inawerenga, kampaniyo ikuyesetsa kupanga mankhwala atsopano omwe “angathandize mamiliyoni a anthu omwe akudwala matendawa.” Mkati mwa Genentech, panali malingaliro akuti kafukufukuyu angapambane Mphoto ya Nobel, ndipo Tessier-Lavigne anapita paulendo wofalitsa nkhani pofuna kulimbikitsa pepala.
Chithunzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera ndalama za Genentech kutsutsana ndi kuwerengera kwakukulu kwa kampaniyo. Chiwonetserochi chinawonetsa kafukufuku womwe wachotsedwapo ndipo adayambitsa Marc Tessier-Lavigne. (Mwachilolezo cha Securities and Change Fee) Akuluakulu apamwamba, kuphatikizapo Tessier-Lavigne, adagwiritsanso ntchito pepalali ngati gawo l. a. ndondomeko yokweza mtengo wogula umene chimphona chamankhwala Roche angalipire kuti apeze Genentech, zokambirana zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyo. Malinga ndi zomwe analemba mu March 2009, a Tessier-Lavigne ananena kuti “tikaganiza zolowa m'dera linalake, timalowa ndi mphamvu zonse ndi cholinga chobweretsa kusintha mofulumira kwambiri.” Kafukufuku wake, iye anati, chinali chitsanzo cha izo. Pazithunzi zosonyeza “zofukufuku zazikulu zasayansi” za kampaniyo, kafukufukuyu okha ndi omwe adawonekera mu buluu.
Mawu: Chithunzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa Investor ya Genentech kutsutsana ndi kuwunika kwapamwamba kwa kampaniyo. Silayidiyo idawonetsa zomwe asayansi apeza potengera pepala l. a. Alzheimer's lomwe lili ndi buluu. (Mwachilolezo cha Securities and Change Fee) Kampeni ya Genentech inatsimikizira osunga ndalama kuti kampani ya biotech inali yocheperako. Zopereka za Roche zidakwera kuchokera ku $ 86.50 mpaka $ 95 gawo, kusiyana kwa pafupifupi $ 4 biliyoni. Sizikudziwikabe ndendende kuti pepala l. a. Alzheimer's lomwe lasinthidwa tsopano lidalowa mu calculus ya Roche; wamkulu wamkulu wa Genentech adauza nyuzipepala ya Day-to-day kuti “zambirizo zinali zazing'ono,” ngakhale kuti mfundo zokakamira zimaphatikizansopo Avastin, mankhwala a khansa omwe amayesedwa panthawiyo, malinga ndi mkulu wina ku Genentech. Genentech anakana kuyankhapo sabata yatha pazokambirana ndi Roche. Pofika chaka cha 2012, zidadziwika bwino kwa ofufuza mkati mwa Genentech komanso makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amapikisana nawo kuti kafukufuku wa pepala l. a. Tessier-Lavigne sanapangidwenso. Komiti Yowunikira Kafukufuku wa Genentech, gulu l. a. oyang'anira apamwamba pakampaniyo, adavomereza kuyesa kuwunikanso pulogalamuyo ndipo pamapeto pake adaganiza zosiya kufufuza kwina. Malingana ndi ofufuza asanu ndi atatu otchuka ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha ndemangayi, akuluakulu a kampaniyo anali otsimikiza kuti kafukufukuyo adachokera ku deta yonyenga. Wofufuza wa “nyenyezi yomwe ikukwera” yemwe adatsogolera kafukufukuyu, Anatoly Nikolaev, mwadzidzidzi adasiya gawo l. a. bioscience kupita ku koleji ya anthu ku Michigan. Tessier-Lavigne, Genentech ndi Nikolaev amakana kuti panali kukambirana zachinyengo papepala. Tessier-Lavigne adalimbikitsidwa kuti achotse pepalalo mkati mwa kuwunika kwa 2012, Genentech adatsimikiza mu Epulo. Resources The Day-to-day adafunsidwa adati akuluakulu anayi pakampaniyo adalimbikitsa kusiya. Tessier-Lavigne adasankha kusatero, m'malo mwake adasindikiza mapepala otsatirawa omwe adatsutsa zonena zingapo. Anapitiliza kutchula pepalalo popempha thandizo, malinga ndi zolemba za Nationwide Institutes of Well being zomwe zidawunikiridwa ndi The Day-to-day. Tessier-Lavigne anakana kuyankha mafunso sabata yatha okhudza chifukwa chake sanachotse pepalalo mu 2012. Lipoti lothandizidwa ndi Stanford pa kafukufuku wa Tessier-Lavigne linanena mkatikati mwa July kuti “zoneneza zachinyengo zokhudzana ndi pepala zimawoneka ngati zolakwika.” Ofufuza adaganiza kuti chochitika china mu 2010 cha zolakwika zofufuza mu labu ya Tessier-Lavigne zidalumikizidwa ndi kafukufuku wa 2009. Otsatira a Genentech omwe adalankhula ndi The Day-to-day adakana kuti adasokoneza awiriwa, ndipo adazindikira magawo atatu osiyana omwe amanenedwa kuti adachita zolakwika mu labu ya Tessier-Lavigne. Lipoti l. a. Stanford silinafotokoze gawo lachitatu, lomwe lidadziwitsidwa ndi College m'makalata omwe The Day-to-day adalandira mu Marichi. Zadziwikanso kuti magwero ofunikira adakana kuyankhula ndi ofufuza a Stanford chifukwa sanalonjezedwe kusadziwika ngakhale mapangano osawululira. Ngakhale kuti sanapeze chinyengo, kufufuza kwa Stanford kunamaliza kuti pepala l. a. 2009 “linagwera pansi pa machitidwe asayansi ovomerezeka, osasiyapo zomwe Dr. Tessier-Lavigne adadzifotokozera yekha kuti ali ndi luso l. a. sayansi.” Pomwe lipoti l. a. Stanford lidatulutsidwa, Tessier-Lavigne adavomereza zolakwika koma sanafune kubweza pepalalo. Patsamba lawebusayiti yapagulu panthawiyo, adalemba kuti akufuna kumveketsa bwino kwa owerenga Chilengedwe kuti mbali za pepalalo sizinachitikepo komanso kuti zina zake zinali zosadalirika. “Ndikufuna kupereka chilango choterocho mwamsanga,” iye analemba motero. Sizikudziwika bwino chomwe chinamupangitsa kuti asinthe pepalalo m'malo mongowongolera mbali zina. Akonzi ku Nature sanayankhe pempho loti apereke ndemanga ndipo a Tessier-Lavigne adangonena kuti lingaliro “lidatengera momwe tidayendera poganizira zovuta zatsopano zomwe zidawonekera chaka chathachi,” ponena za zithunzi zobwereza mu kuphunzira. Stephen Neal, wapampando wa Cooley LLP yemwe wakhala loya wa Tessier-Lavigne, analemba mu February kuti “Dr. Mapepala a pambuyo pake a Tessier-Lavigne sanakane zomwe Pepalalo lapeza ndipo kuwongolera kapena kubwereza zomwe apezazi kukanakhala kosayenera komanso kosayenera. Neal adalembanso kuti “zotsatira zoyambirira za Pepala zidanenedwa molondola.” Koma m'mawu obwereza sabata ino, Tessier-Lavigne ndi olemba ena adavomereza kuti “kafukufuku wathu wotsatira adawonetsa kuti zonena zina m'nkhani yoyambirira sizinali zolondola.” Lingaliro lalikulu l. a. pepalali, lokhudza mapuloteni omwe olembawo adanena kuti adabedwa ndi Alzheimer's ndipo adayambitsa njira yomwe idapangitsa kuti ma neuron adzidulire okha, inali yolakwika m'njira zingapo. Chidziwitso chochotsamo chinavomerezanso kuti mapanelo anayi akuwoneka kuti agwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyimira zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana, ndipo gulu lachisanu likuwoneka kuti linali ndi chilembo chojambulidwa pang'ono kuchokera pagulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Panalinso zolakwika zomwe sizinatchulidwe mu “mawerengero ena a biostatistical omwe ali ndi ziwerengero zina,” adatero. Nkhawa za kafukufuku wa Tessier-Lavigne zidayamba kuonekera mu 2015 pabwalo l. a. sayansi lotchedwa PubPeer. Iwo adatsitsimutsidwa mu lipoti l. a. Day-to-day chaka chatha chomwe chinalankhula ndi mapepala anayi a Tessier-Lavigne, ngakhale pepala l. a. 2009 Nature linayang'aniridwa ndi anthu pambuyo pa Feb. 17 Feb. Malinga ndi a Gene Sykes, wapampando wa komiti yofufuza kuti apeze wolowa m'malo mwa Tessier-Lavigne, komitiyo ili ndi “makonzedwe ochita mosamala m'njira zomwe sizinachitike pakufufuza koyambirira.” Stanford wakana kufotokoza mapulaniwo.
